# # Copyright 2012 Quantopian, Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. import collections import unittest from nose_parameterized import parameterized import datetime import pytz import itertools from operator import attrgetter import zipline.utils.factory as factory import zipline.finance.performance as perf from zipline.utils.protocol_utils import ndict from zipline.gens.composites import date_sorted_sources from zipline.finance.trading import SimulationParameters import zipline.finance.trading as trading from zipline.utils.factory import create_random_simulation_parameters onesec = datetime.timedelta(seconds=1) oneday = datetime.timedelta(days=1) tradingday = datetime.timedelta(hours=6, minutes=30) class TestDividendPerformance(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.sim_params, self.dt, self.end_dt = \ create_random_simulation_parameters() self.sim_params.capital_base = 10e3 def test_market_hours_calculations(self): with trading.TradingEnvironment(): # DST in US/Eastern began on Sunday March 14, 2010 before = datetime.datetime(2010, 3, 12, 14, 30, tzinfo=pytz.utc) after = factory.get_next_trading_dt( before, datetime.timedelta(days=1) ) self.assertEqual(after.hour, 13) def test_long_position_receives_dividend(self): #post some trades in the market events = factory.create_trade_history( 1, [10, 10, 10, 10, 10], [100, 100, 100, 100, 100], oneday, self.sim_params ) dividend = factory.create_dividend( 1, 10.00, # declared date, when the algorithm finds out about # the dividend events[1].dt, # ex_date, when the algorithm is credited with the # dividend events[1].dt, # pay date, when the algorithm receives the dividend. events[2].dt ) txn = factory.create_txn(1, 10.0, 100, events[0].dt) events[0].TRANSACTION = txn events.insert(1, dividend) perf_tracker = perf.PerformanceTracker(self.sim_params) transformed_events = list(perf_tracker.transform( ((event.dt, [event]) for event in events)) ) #flatten the list of events results = [] for te in transformed_events: for event in te[1]: for message in event.perf_messages: results.append(message) perf_messages, risk = perf_tracker.handle_simulation_end() results.append(perf_messages[0]) self.assertEqual(results[0]['daily_perf']['period_open'], events[0].dt) self.assertEqual( results[-1]['daily_perf']['period_open'], events[-1].dt ) self.assertEqual(len(results), 5) cumulative_returns = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_returns, [0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1]) daily_returns = [event['daily_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(daily_returns, [0.0, 0.0, 0.10, 0.0, 0.0]) cash_flows = [event['daily_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cash_flows, [-1000, 0, 1000, 0, 0]) cumulative_cash_flows = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_cash_flows, [-1000, -1000, 0, 0, 0]) cash_pos = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['ending_cash'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cash_pos, [9000, 9000, 10000, 10000, 10000]) def test_post_ex_long_position_receives_no_dividend(self): #post some trades in the market events = factory.create_trade_history( 1, [10, 10, 10, 10, 10], [100, 100, 100, 100, 100], oneday, self.sim_params ) dividend = factory.create_dividend( 1, 10.00, events[0].dt, events[1].dt, events[2].dt ) events.insert(1, dividend) txn = factory.create_txn(1, 10.0, 100, events[3].dt) events[3].TRANSACTION = txn perf_tracker = perf.PerformanceTracker(self.sim_params) transformed_events = list(perf_tracker.transform( ((event.dt, [event]) for event in events)) ) #flatten the list of events results = [] for te in transformed_events: for event in te[1]: for message in event.perf_messages: results.append(message) perf_messages, risk = perf_tracker.handle_simulation_end() results.append(perf_messages[0]) self.assertEqual(len(results), 5) cumulative_returns = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_returns, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) daily_returns = [event['daily_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(daily_returns, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) cash_flows = [event['daily_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cash_flows, [0, 0, -1000, 0, 0]) cumulative_cash_flows = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_cash_flows, [0, 0, -1000, -1000, -1000]) def test_selling_before_dividend_payment_still_gets_paid(self): #post some trades in the market events = factory.create_trade_history( 1, [10, 10, 10, 10, 10], [100, 100, 100, 100, 100], oneday, self.sim_params ) dividend = factory.create_dividend( 1, 10.00, events[0].dt, events[1].dt, events[3].dt ) buy_txn = factory.create_txn(1, 10.0, 100, events[0].dt) events[0].TRANSACTION = buy_txn sell_txn = factory.create_txn(1, 10.0, -100, events[2].dt) events[2].TRANSACTION = sell_txn events.insert(1, dividend) perf_tracker = perf.PerformanceTracker(self.sim_params) transformed_events = list(perf_tracker.transform( ((event.dt, [event]) for event in events)) ) #flatten the list of events results = [] for te in transformed_events: for event in te[1]: for message in event.perf_messages: results.append(message) perf_messages, risk = perf_tracker.handle_simulation_end() results.append(perf_messages[0]) self.assertEqual(len(results), 5) cumulative_returns = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_returns, [0, 0, 0, 0.1, 0.1]) daily_returns = [event['daily_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(daily_returns, [0, 0, 0, 0.1, 0]) cash_flows = [event['daily_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cash_flows, [-1000, 0, 1000, 1000, 0]) cumulative_cash_flows = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_cash_flows, [-1000, -1000, 0, 1000, 1000]) def test_buy_and_sell_before_ex(self): #post some trades in the market events = factory.create_trade_history( 1, [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10], [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100], oneday, self.sim_params ) dividend = factory.create_dividend( 1, 10.00, events[3].dt, events[4].dt, events[5].dt ) buy_txn = factory.create_txn(1, 10.0, 100, events[1].dt) events[1].TRANSACTION = buy_txn sell_txn = factory.create_txn(1, 10.0, -100, events[2].dt) events[2].TRANSACTION = sell_txn events.insert(1, dividend) perf_tracker = perf.PerformanceTracker(self.sim_params) transformed_events = list(perf_tracker.transform( ((event.dt, [event]) for event in events)) ) #flatten the list of events results = [] for te in transformed_events: for event in te[1]: for message in event.perf_messages: results.append(message) perf_messages, risk = perf_tracker.handle_simulation_end() results.append(perf_messages[0]) self.assertEqual(len(results), 6) cumulative_returns = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_returns, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) daily_returns = [event['daily_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(daily_returns, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) cash_flows = [event['daily_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cash_flows, [0, -1000, 1000, 0, 0, 0]) cumulative_cash_flows = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_cash_flows, [0, -1000, 0, 0, 0, 0]) def test_ending_before_pay_date(self): #post some trades in the market events = factory.create_trade_history( 1, [10, 10, 10, 10, 10], [100, 100, 100, 100, 100], oneday, self.sim_params ) dividend = factory.create_dividend( 1, 10.00, events[0].dt, events[1].dt, events[-1].dt + 10*oneday ) buy_txn = factory.create_txn(1, 10.0, 100, events[1].dt) events[1].TRANSACTION = buy_txn events.insert(1, dividend) perf_tracker = perf.PerformanceTracker(self.sim_params) transformed_events = list(perf_tracker.transform( ((event.dt, [event]) for event in events)) ) #flatten the list of events results = [] for te in transformed_events: for event in te[1]: for message in event.perf_messages: results.append(message) perf_messages, risk = perf_tracker.handle_simulation_end() results.append(perf_messages[0]) self.assertEqual(len(results), 5) cumulative_returns = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_returns, [0, 0, 0, 0.0, 0.0]) daily_returns = [event['daily_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(daily_returns, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) cash_flows = [event['daily_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cash_flows, [0, -1000, 0, 0, 0]) cumulative_cash_flows = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual( cumulative_cash_flows, [0, -1000, -1000, -1000, -1000] ) def test_short_position_pays_dividend(self): #post some trades in the market events = factory.create_trade_history( 1, [10, 10, 10, 10, 10], [100, 100, 100, 100, 100], oneday, self.sim_params ) dividend = factory.create_dividend( 1, 10.00, events[0].dt, events[1].dt, events[2].dt ) txn = factory.create_txn(1, 10.0, -100, self.dt+oneday) events[0].TRANSACTION = txn events.insert(0, dividend) perf_tracker = perf.PerformanceTracker(self.sim_params) transformed_events = list(perf_tracker.transform( ((event.dt, [event]) for event in events)) ) #flatten the list of events results = [] for te in transformed_events: for event in te[1]: for message in event.perf_messages: results.append(message) perf_messages, risk = perf_tracker.handle_simulation_end() results.append(perf_messages[0]) self.assertEqual(len(results), 5) cumulative_returns = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_returns, [0.0, 0.0, -0.1, -0.1, -0.1]) daily_returns = [event['daily_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(daily_returns, [0.0, 0.0, -0.1, 0.0, 0.0]) cash_flows = [event['daily_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cash_flows, [1000, 0, -1000, 0, 0]) cumulative_cash_flows = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_cash_flows, [1000, 1000, 0, 0, 0]) def test_no_position_receives_no_dividend(self): #post some trades in the market events = factory.create_trade_history( 1, [10, 10, 10, 10, 10], [100, 100, 100, 100, 100], oneday, self.sim_params ) dividend = factory.create_dividend( 1, 10.00, events[0].dt, events[1].dt, events[2].dt ) events.insert(1, dividend) perf_tracker = perf.PerformanceTracker(self.sim_params) transformed_events = list(perf_tracker.transform( ((event.dt, [event]) for event in events)) ) #flatten the list of events results = [] for te in transformed_events: for event in te[1]: for message in event.perf_messages: results.append(message) perf_messages, risk = perf_tracker.handle_simulation_end() results.append(perf_messages[0]) self.assertEqual(len(results), 5) cumulative_returns = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_returns, [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]) daily_returns = [event['daily_perf']['returns'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(daily_returns, [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]) cash_flows = [event['daily_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cash_flows, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) cumulative_cash_flows = \ [event['cumulative_perf']['capital_used'] for event in results] self.assertEqual(cumulative_cash_flows, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) class TestPositionPerformance(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.sim_params, self.dt, self.end_dt = \ create_random_simulation_parameters() def test_long_position(self): """ verify that the performance period calculates properly for a single buy transaction """ #post some trades in the market trades = factory.create_trade_history( 1, [10, 10, 10, 11], [100, 100, 100, 100], onesec, self.sim_params ) txn = factory.create_txn(1, 10.0, 100, self.dt + onesec) pp = perf.PerformancePeriod(1000.0) pp.execute_transaction(txn) for trade in trades: pp.update_last_sale(trade) pp.calculate_performance() self.assertEqual( pp.period_cash_flow, -1 * txn.price * txn.amount, "capital used should be equal to the opposite of the transaction \ cost of sole txn in test" ) self.assertEqual( len(pp.positions), 1, "should be just one position") self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].sid, txn.sid, "position should be in security with id 1") self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].amount, txn.amount, "should have a position of {sharecount} shares".format( sharecount=txn.amount ) ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].cost_basis, txn.price, "should have a cost basis of 10" ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].last_sale_price, trades[-1]['price'], "last sale should be same as last trade. \ expected {exp} actual {act}".format( exp=trades[-1]['price'], act=pp.positions[1].last_sale_price) ) self.assertEqual( pp.ending_value, 1100, "ending value should be price of last trade times number of \ shares in position" ) self.assertEqual(pp.pnl, 100, "gain of 1 on 100 shares should be 100") def test_short_position(self): """verify that the performance period calculates properly for a \ single short-sale transaction""" trades = factory.create_trade_history( 1, [10, 10, 10, 11, 10, 9], [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100], onesec, self.sim_params ) trades_1 = trades[:-2] txn = factory.create_txn(1, 10.0, -100, self.dt + onesec) pp = perf.PerformancePeriod(1000.0) pp.execute_transaction(txn) for trade in trades_1: pp.update_last_sale(trade) pp.calculate_performance() self.assertEqual( pp.period_cash_flow, -1 * txn.price * txn.amount, "capital used should be equal to the opposite of the transaction\ cost of sole txn in test" ) self.assertEqual( len(pp.positions), 1, "should be just one position") self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].sid, txn.sid, "position should be in security from the transaction" ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].amount, -100, "should have a position of -100 shares" ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].cost_basis, txn.price, "should have a cost basis of 10" ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].last_sale_price, trades_1[-1]['price'], "last sale should be price of last trade" ) self.assertEqual( pp.ending_value, -1100, "ending value should be price of last trade times number of \ shares in position" ) self.assertEqual(pp.pnl, -100, "gain of 1 on 100 shares should be 100") # simulate additional trades, and ensure that the position value # reflects the new price trades_2 = trades[-2:] #simulate a rollover to a new period pp.rollover() for trade in trades_2: pp.update_last_sale(trade) pp.calculate_performance() self.assertEqual( pp.period_cash_flow, 0, "capital used should be zero, there were no transactions in \ performance period" ) self.assertEqual( len(pp.positions), 1, "should be just one position" ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].sid, txn.sid, "position should be in security from the transaction" ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].amount, -100, "should have a position of -100 shares" ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].cost_basis, txn.price, "should have a cost basis of 10" ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].last_sale_price, trades_2[-1].price, "last sale should be price of last trade" ) self.assertEqual( pp.ending_value, -900, "ending value should be price of last trade times number of \ shares in position") self.assertEqual( pp.pnl, 200, "drop of 2 on -100 shares should be 200" ) #now run a performance period encompassing the entire trade sample. ppTotal = perf.PerformancePeriod(1000.0) for trade in trades_1: ppTotal.update_last_sale(trade) ppTotal.execute_transaction(txn) for trade in trades_2: ppTotal.update_last_sale(trade) ppTotal.calculate_performance() self.assertEqual( ppTotal.period_cash_flow, -1 * txn.price * txn.amount, "capital used should be equal to the opposite of the transaction \ cost of sole txn in test" ) self.assertEqual( len(ppTotal.positions), 1, "should be just one position" ) self.assertEqual( ppTotal.positions[1].sid, txn.sid, "position should be in security from the transaction" ) self.assertEqual( ppTotal.positions[1].amount, -100, "should have a position of -100 shares" ) self.assertEqual( ppTotal.positions[1].cost_basis, txn.price, "should have a cost basis of 10" ) self.assertEqual( ppTotal.positions[1].last_sale_price, trades_2[-1].price, "last sale should be price of last trade" ) self.assertEqual( ppTotal.ending_value, -900, "ending value should be price of last trade times number of \ shares in position") self.assertEqual( ppTotal.pnl, 100, "drop of 1 on -100 shares should be 100" ) def test_covering_short(self): """verify performance where short is bought and covered, and shares \ trade after cover""" trades = factory.create_trade_history( 1, [10, 10, 10, 11, 9, 8, 7, 8, 9, 10], [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100], onesec, self.sim_params ) short_txn = factory.create_txn( 1, 10.0, -100, self.dt + onesec ) cover_txn = factory.create_txn(1, 7.0, 100, self.dt + onesec * 6) pp = perf.PerformancePeriod(1000.0) pp.execute_transaction(short_txn) pp.execute_transaction(cover_txn) for trade in trades: pp.update_last_sale(trade) pp.calculate_performance() short_txn_cost = short_txn.price * short_txn.amount cover_txn_cost = cover_txn.price * cover_txn.amount self.assertEqual( pp.period_cash_flow, -1 * short_txn_cost - cover_txn_cost, "capital used should be equal to the net transaction costs" ) self.assertEqual( len(pp.positions), 1, "should be just one position" ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].sid, short_txn.sid, "position should be in security from the transaction" ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].amount, 0, "should have a position of -100 shares" ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].cost_basis, 0, "a covered position should have a cost basis of 0" ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].last_sale_price, trades[-1].price, "last sale should be price of last trade" ) self.assertEqual( pp.ending_value, 0, "ending value should be price of last trade times number of \ shares in position" ) self.assertEqual( pp.pnl, 300, "gain of 1 on 100 shares should be 300" ) def test_cost_basis_calc(self): trades = factory.create_trade_history( 1, [10, 11, 11, 12], [100, 100, 100, 100], onesec, self.sim_params ) transactions = factory.create_txn_history( 1, [10, 11, 11, 12], [100, 100, 100, 100], onesec, self.sim_params ) pp = perf.PerformancePeriod(1000.0) for txn in transactions: pp.execute_transaction(txn) for trade in trades: pp.update_last_sale(trade) pp.calculate_performance() self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].last_sale_price, trades[-1].price, "should have a last sale of 12, got {val}".format( val=pp.positions[1].last_sale_price) ) self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].cost_basis, 11, "should have a cost basis of 11" ) self.assertEqual( pp.pnl, 400 ) saleTxn = factory.create_txn( 1, 10.0, -100, self.dt + onesec * 4) down_tick = factory.create_trade( 1, 10.0, 100, trades[-1].dt + onesec) pp.rollover() pp.execute_transaction(saleTxn) pp.update_last_sale(down_tick) pp.calculate_performance() self.assertEqual( pp.positions[1].last_sale_price, 10, "should have a last sale of 10, was {val}".format( val=pp.positions[1].last_sale_price) ) self.assertEqual( round(pp.positions[1].cost_basis, 2), 11.33, "should have a cost basis of 11.33" ) #print "second period pnl is {pnl}".format(pnl=pp2.pnl) self.assertEqual(pp.pnl, -800, "this period goes from +400 to -400") pp3 = perf.PerformancePeriod(1000.0) transactions.append(saleTxn) for txn in transactions: pp3.execute_transaction(txn) trades.append(down_tick) for trade in trades: pp3.update_last_sale(trade) pp3.calculate_performance() self.assertEqual( pp3.positions[1].last_sale_price, 10, "should have a last sale of 10" ) self.assertEqual( round(pp3.positions[1].cost_basis, 2), 11.33, "should have a cost basis of 11.33" ) self.assertEqual( pp3.pnl, -400, "should be -400 for all trades and transactions in period" ) class TestPerformanceTracker(unittest.TestCase): NumDaysToDelete = collections.namedtuple( 'NumDaysToDelete', ('start', 'middle', 'end')) @parameterized.expand([ ("Don't delete any events", NumDaysToDelete(start=0, middle=0, end=0)), ("Delete first day of events", NumDaysToDelete(start=1, middle=0, end=0)), ("Delete first two days of events", NumDaysToDelete(start=2, middle=0, end=0)), ("Delete one day of events from the middle", NumDaysToDelete(start=0, middle=1, end=0)), ("Delete two events from the middle", NumDaysToDelete(start=0, middle=2, end=0)), ("Delete last day of events", NumDaysToDelete(start=0, middle=0, end=1)), ("Delete last two days of events", NumDaysToDelete(start=0, middle=0, end=2)), ("Delete all but one event.", NumDaysToDelete(start=2, middle=1, end=2)), ]) def test_tracker(self, parameter_comment, days_to_delete): """ @days_to_delete - configures which days in the data set we should remove, used for ensuring that we still return performance messages even when there is no data. """ # This date range covers Columbus day, # however Columbus day is not a market holiday # # October 2008 # Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa # 1 2 3 4 # 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 # 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 # 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 # 26 27 28 29 30 31 start_dt = datetime.datetime(year=2008, month=10, day=9, tzinfo=pytz.utc) end_dt = datetime.datetime(year=2008, month=10, day=16, tzinfo=pytz.utc) trade_count = 6 sid = 133 price = 10.1 price_list = [price] * trade_count volume = [100] * trade_count trade_time_increment = datetime.timedelta(days=1) sim_params = SimulationParameters( period_start=start_dt, period_end=end_dt ) trade_history = factory.create_trade_history( sid, price_list, volume, trade_time_increment, sim_params, source_id="factory1" ) sid2 = 134 price2 = 12.12 price2_list = [price2] * trade_count trade_history2 = factory.create_trade_history( sid2, price2_list, volume, trade_time_increment, sim_params, source_id="factory2" ) # 'middle' start of 3 depends on number of days == 7 middle = 3 # First delete from middle if days_to_delete.middle: del trade_history[middle:(middle + days_to_delete.middle)] del trade_history2[middle:(middle + days_to_delete.middle)] # Delete start if days_to_delete.start: del trade_history[:days_to_delete.start] del trade_history2[:days_to_delete.start] # Delete from end if days_to_delete.end: del trade_history[-days_to_delete.end:] del trade_history2[-days_to_delete.end:] sim_params.first_open = \ sim_params.calculate_first_open() sim_params.last_close = \ sim_params.calculate_last_close() sim_params.capital_base = 1000.0 sim_params.frame_index = [ 'sid', 'volume', 'dt', 'price', 'changed'] perf_tracker = perf.PerformanceTracker( sim_params ) events = date_sorted_sources(trade_history, trade_history2) events = [self.event_with_txn(event, trade_history[0].dt) for event in events] # Extract events with transactions to use for verification. events_with_txns = [event for event in events if event.TRANSACTION] perf_messages = \ [msg for date, snapshot in perf_tracker.transform( itertools.groupby(events, attrgetter('dt'))) for event in snapshot for msg in event.perf_messages] end_perf_messages, risk_message = perf_tracker.handle_simulation_end() perf_messages.extend(end_perf_messages) #we skip two trades, to test case of None transaction self.assertEqual(perf_tracker.txn_count, len(events_with_txns)) cumulative_pos = perf_tracker.cumulative_performance.positions[sid] expected_size = len(events_with_txns) / 2 * -25 self.assertEqual(cumulative_pos.amount, expected_size) self.assertEqual(perf_tracker.last_close, perf_tracker.cumulative_risk_metrics.end_date) self.assertEqual(len(perf_messages), sim_params.days_in_period) def event_with_txn(self, event, no_txn_dt): #create a transaction for all but #first trade in each sid, to simulate None transaction if event.dt != no_txn_dt: txn = ndict({ 'sid': event.sid, 'amount': -25, 'dt': event.dt, 'price': 10.0, 'commission': 0.50 }) else: txn = None event['TRANSACTION'] = txn return event