diff --git a/src/local_scheduler/lib/java/org_ray_spi_impl_DefaultLocalSchedulerClient.cc b/src/local_scheduler/lib/java/org_ray_spi_impl_DefaultLocalSchedulerClient.cc
index 7eef8596d..70de5786c 100644
--- a/src/local_scheduler/lib/java/org_ray_spi_impl_DefaultLocalSchedulerClient.cc
+++ b/src/local_scheduler/lib/java/org_ray_spi_impl_DefaultLocalSchedulerClient.cc
@@ -50,8 +50,9 @@ Java_org_ray_spi_impl_DefaultLocalSchedulerClient__1init(JNIEnv *env,
   UniqueIdFromJByteArray worker_id(env, wid);
   UniqueIdFromJByteArray driver_id(env, driverId);
   const char *nativeString = env->GetStringUTFChars(sockName, JNI_FALSE);
-  auto client = LocalSchedulerConnection_init(
-      nativeString, *worker_id.PID, isWorker, *driver_id.PID, useRaylet);
+  auto client =
+      LocalSchedulerConnection_init(nativeString, *worker_id.PID, isWorker,
+                                    *driver_id.PID, useRaylet, Language::JAVA);
   env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(sockName, nativeString);
   return reinterpret_cast<jlong>(client);
 }
diff --git a/src/local_scheduler/lib/python/local_scheduler_extension.cc b/src/local_scheduler/lib/python/local_scheduler_extension.cc
index 07853aaf8..d473a4eb9 100644
--- a/src/local_scheduler/lib/python/local_scheduler_extension.cc
+++ b/src/local_scheduler/lib/python/local_scheduler_extension.cc
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ static int PyLocalSchedulerClient_init(PyLocalSchedulerClient *self,
   /* Connect to the local scheduler. */
   self->local_scheduler_connection = LocalSchedulerConnection_init(
       socket_name, client_id, static_cast<bool>(PyObject_IsTrue(is_worker)),
-      driver_id, static_cast<bool>(PyObject_IsTrue(use_raylet)));
+      driver_id, static_cast<bool>(PyObject_IsTrue(use_raylet)),
+      Language::PYTHON);
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/local_scheduler/local_scheduler_client.cc b/src/local_scheduler/local_scheduler_client.cc
index 994c0f176..91b5fa9c9 100644
--- a/src/local_scheduler/local_scheduler_client.cc
+++ b/src/local_scheduler/local_scheduler_client.cc
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ LocalSchedulerConnection *LocalSchedulerConnection_init(
     const UniqueID &client_id,
     bool is_worker,
     const JobID &driver_id,
-    bool use_raylet) {
+    bool use_raylet,
+    const Language &language) {
   LocalSchedulerConnection *result = new LocalSchedulerConnection();
   result->use_raylet = use_raylet;
   result->conn = connect_ipc_sock_retry(local_scheduler_socket, -1, -1);
@@ -26,10 +27,17 @@ LocalSchedulerConnection *LocalSchedulerConnection_init(
    * NOTE(swang): If the local scheduler exits and we are registered as a
    * worker, we will get killed. */
   flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder fbb;
-  auto message = ray::local_scheduler::protocol::CreateRegisterClientRequest(
-      fbb, is_worker, to_flatbuf(fbb, client_id), getpid(),
-      to_flatbuf(fbb, driver_id));
-  fbb.Finish(message);
+  if (use_raylet) {
+    auto message = ray::protocol::CreateRegisterClientRequest(
+        fbb, is_worker, to_flatbuf(fbb, client_id), getpid(),
+        to_flatbuf(fbb, driver_id), language);
+    fbb.Finish(message);
+  } else {
+    auto message = ray::local_scheduler::protocol::CreateRegisterClientRequest(
+        fbb, is_worker, to_flatbuf(fbb, client_id), getpid(),
+        to_flatbuf(fbb, driver_id));
+    fbb.Finish(message);
+  }
   /* Register the process ID with the local scheduler. */
   int success = write_message(
       result->conn, static_cast<int64_t>(MessageType::RegisterClientRequest),
diff --git a/src/local_scheduler/local_scheduler_client.h b/src/local_scheduler/local_scheduler_client.h
index 22eb51484..bb4fdb345 100644
--- a/src/local_scheduler/local_scheduler_client.h
+++ b/src/local_scheduler/local_scheduler_client.h
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ LocalSchedulerConnection *LocalSchedulerConnection_init(
     const UniqueID &worker_id,
     bool is_worker,
     const JobID &driver_id,
-    bool use_raylet);
+    bool use_raylet,
+    const Language &language);
 
 /**
  * Disconnect from the local scheduler.
diff --git a/src/local_scheduler/test/local_scheduler_tests.cc b/src/local_scheduler/test/local_scheduler_tests.cc
index d7096b274..b155ea949 100644
--- a/src/local_scheduler/test/local_scheduler_tests.cc
+++ b/src/local_scheduler/test/local_scheduler_tests.cc
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ LocalSchedulerMock *LocalSchedulerMock_init(int num_workers,
   for (int i = 0; i < num_mock_workers; ++i) {
     mock->conns[i] = LocalSchedulerConnection_init(
         local_scheduler_socket_name.c_str(), WorkerID::nil(), true,
-        JobID::nil(), false);
+        JobID::nil(), false, Language::PYTHON);
   }
 
   background_thread.join();
diff --git a/src/ray/gcs/format/util.h b/src/ray/gcs/format/util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85bc0511d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ray/gcs/format/util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#ifndef RAY_RAYLET_GCS_FORMAT_UTIL_H
+#define RAY_RAYLET_GCS_FORMAT_UTIL_H
+
+#include "ray/gcs/format/gcs_generated.h"
+
+namespace std {
+
+template <>
+struct hash<Language> {
+  size_t operator()(const Language &language) const {
+    return std::hash<int32_t>()(static_cast<int32_t>(language));
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct hash<const Language> {
+  size_t operator()(const Language &language) const {
+    return std::hash<int32_t>()(static_cast<int32_t>(language));
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace std
+
+#endif  // RAY_RAYLET_GCS_FORMAT_UTIL_H
diff --git a/src/ray/raylet/format/node_manager.fbs b/src/ray/raylet/format/node_manager.fbs
index f339a08f4..4ede8f2b3 100644
--- a/src/ray/raylet/format/node_manager.fbs
+++ b/src/ray/raylet/format/node_manager.fbs
@@ -123,6 +123,8 @@ table RegisterClientRequest {
   worker_pid: long;
   // The driver ID. This is non-nil if the client is a driver.
   driver_id: string;
+  // Language of this worker.
+  language: Language;
 }
 
 table RegisterClientReply {
diff --git a/src/ray/raylet/main.cc b/src/ray/raylet/main.cc
index dfb7be79b..1932198a3 100644
--- a/src/ray/raylet/main.cc
+++ b/src/ray/raylet/main.cc
@@ -5,6 +5,15 @@
 #include "ray/status.h"
 
 #ifndef RAYLET_TEST
+
+/// A helper function that parse the worker command string into a vector of arguments.
+static std::vector<std::string> parse_worker_command(std::string worker_command) {
+  std::istringstream iss(worker_command);
+  std::vector<std::string> result(std::istream_iterator<std::string>{iss},
+                                  std::istream_iterator<std::string>());
+  return result;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   RayLog::StartRayLog(argv[0], RAY_INFO);
   RAY_CHECK(argc == 10);
@@ -39,23 +48,20 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   node_manager_config.num_initial_workers = num_initial_workers;
   node_manager_config.num_workers_per_process =
       RayConfig::instance().num_workers_per_process();
-  // Use a default worker that can execute empty tasks with dependencies.
 
-  std::string worker_command;
   if (!python_worker_command.empty()) {
-    worker_command = python_worker_command;
-  } else if (!java_worker_command.empty()) {
-    worker_command = java_worker_command;
-  } else {
+    node_manager_config.worker_commands.emplace(
+        make_pair(Language::PYTHON, parse_worker_command(python_worker_command)));
+  }
+  if (!java_worker_command.empty()) {
+    node_manager_config.worker_commands.emplace(
+        make_pair(Language::JAVA, parse_worker_command(java_worker_command)));
+  }
+  if (python_worker_command.empty() && java_worker_command.empty()) {
     RAY_CHECK(0)
         << "Either Python worker command or Java worker command should be provided.";
   }
 
-  std::istringstream iss(worker_command);
-  std::vector<std::string> results(std::istream_iterator<std::string>{iss},
-                                   std::istream_iterator<std::string>());
-  node_manager_config.worker_command.swap(results);
-
   node_manager_config.heartbeat_period_ms =
       RayConfig::instance().heartbeat_timeout_milliseconds();
   node_manager_config.max_lineage_size = RayConfig::instance().max_lineage_size();
diff --git a/src/ray/raylet/node_manager.cc b/src/ray/raylet/node_manager.cc
index 1d5d3da2f..99230827a 100644
--- a/src/ray/raylet/node_manager.cc
+++ b/src/ray/raylet/node_manager.cc
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ NodeManager::NodeManager(boost::asio::io_service &io_service,
       local_available_resources_(config.resource_config),
       worker_pool_(config.num_initial_workers, config.num_workers_per_process,
                    static_cast<int>(config.resource_config.GetNumCpus()),
-                   config.worker_command),
+                   config.worker_commands),
       local_queues_(SchedulingQueue()),
       scheduling_policy_(local_queues_),
       reconstruction_policy_(
@@ -485,7 +485,8 @@ void NodeManager::ProcessClientMessage(
   case protocol::MessageType::RegisterClientRequest: {
     auto message = flatbuffers::GetRoot<protocol::RegisterClientRequest>(message_data);
     client->SetClientID(from_flatbuf(*message->client_id()));
-    auto worker = std::make_shared<Worker>(message->worker_pid(), client);
+    auto worker =
+        std::make_shared<Worker>(message->worker_pid(), message->language(), client);
     if (message->is_worker()) {
       // Register the new worker.
       worker_pool_.RegisterWorker(std::move(worker));
@@ -1030,13 +1031,13 @@ void NodeManager::AssignTask(Task &task) {
   }
 
   // Try to get an idle worker that can execute this task.
-  std::shared_ptr<Worker> worker = worker_pool_.PopWorker(spec.ActorId());
+  std::shared_ptr<Worker> worker = worker_pool_.PopWorker(spec);
   if (worker == nullptr) {
     // There are no workers that can execute this task.
     if (!spec.IsActorTask()) {
       // There are no more non-actor workers available to execute this task.
       // Start a new worker.
-      worker_pool_.StartWorkerProcess();
+      worker_pool_.StartWorkerProcess(spec.GetLanguage());
     }
     // Queue this task for future assignment. The task will be assigned to a
     // worker once one becomes available.
diff --git a/src/ray/raylet/node_manager.h b/src/ray/raylet/node_manager.h
index 85d4f14fd..809ab02c2 100644
--- a/src/ray/raylet/node_manager.h
+++ b/src/ray/raylet/node_manager.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "ray/raylet/task.h"
 #include "ray/object_manager/object_manager.h"
 #include "ray/common/client_connection.h"
+#include "ray/gcs/format/util.h"
 #include "ray/raylet/actor_registration.h"
 #include "ray/raylet/lineage_cache.h"
 #include "ray/raylet/scheduling_policy.h"
@@ -25,7 +26,8 @@ struct NodeManagerConfig {
   ResourceSet resource_config;
   int num_initial_workers;
   int num_workers_per_process;
-  std::vector<std::string> worker_command;
+  /// The commands used to start the worker process, grouped by language.
+  std::unordered_map<Language, std::vector<std::string>> worker_commands;
   uint64_t heartbeat_period_ms;
   uint64_t max_lineage_size;
   /// The store socket name.
diff --git a/src/ray/raylet/object_manager_integration_test.cc b/src/ray/raylet/object_manager_integration_test.cc
index 7d2ad6c7c..c22c05c15 100644
--- a/src/ray/raylet/object_manager_integration_test.cc
+++ b/src/ray/raylet/object_manager_integration_test.cc
@@ -39,11 +39,12 @@ class TestObjectManagerBase : public ::testing::Test {
     node_manager_config.num_initial_workers = 0;
     node_manager_config.num_workers_per_process = 1;
     // Use a default worker that can execute empty tasks with dependencies.
-    node_manager_config.worker_command.push_back("python");
-    node_manager_config.worker_command.push_back(
-        "../python/ray/workers/default_worker.py");
-    node_manager_config.worker_command.push_back(raylet_socket_name.c_str());
-    node_manager_config.worker_command.push_back(store_socket_name.c_str());
+    std::vector<std::string> py_worker_command;
+    py_worker_command.push_back("python");
+    py_worker_command.push_back("../python/ray/workers/default_worker.py");
+    py_worker_command.push_back(raylet_socket_name.c_str());
+    py_worker_command.push_back(store_socket_name.c_str());
+    node_manager_config.worker_commands[Language::PYTHON] = py_worker_command;
     return node_manager_config;
   };
 
diff --git a/src/ray/raylet/worker.cc b/src/ray/raylet/worker.cc
index 17289d480..b7a70297f 100644
--- a/src/ray/raylet/worker.cc
+++ b/src/ray/raylet/worker.cc
@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@ namespace ray {
 namespace raylet {
 
 /// A constructor responsible for initializing the state of a worker.
-Worker::Worker(pid_t pid, std::shared_ptr<LocalClientConnection> connection)
+Worker::Worker(pid_t pid, const Language &language,
+               std::shared_ptr<LocalClientConnection> connection)
     : pid_(pid),
+      language_(language),
       connection_(connection),
       assigned_task_id_(TaskID::nil()),
       actor_id_(ActorID::nil()),
@@ -26,6 +28,8 @@ bool Worker::IsBlocked() const { return blocked_; }
 
 pid_t Worker::Pid() const { return pid_; }
 
+Language Worker::GetLanguage() const { return language_; }
+
 void Worker::AssignTaskId(const TaskID &task_id) { assigned_task_id_ = task_id; }
 
 const TaskID &Worker::GetAssignedTaskId() const { return assigned_task_id_; }
diff --git a/src/ray/raylet/worker.h b/src/ray/raylet/worker.h
index cb1be04d8..fe200a2ca 100644
--- a/src/ray/raylet/worker.h
+++ b/src/ray/raylet/worker.h
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ namespace raylet {
 class Worker {
  public:
   /// A constructor that initializes a worker object.
-  Worker(pid_t pid, std::shared_ptr<LocalClientConnection> connection);
+  Worker(pid_t pid, const Language &language,
+         std::shared_ptr<LocalClientConnection> connection);
   /// A destructor responsible for freeing all worker state.
   ~Worker() {}
   void MarkBlocked();
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ class Worker {
   bool IsBlocked() const;
   /// Return the worker's PID.
   pid_t Pid() const;
+  Language GetLanguage() const;
   void AssignTaskId(const TaskID &task_id);
   const TaskID &GetAssignedTaskId() const;
   void AssignActorId(const ActorID &actor_id);
@@ -45,6 +47,8 @@ class Worker {
  private:
   /// The worker's PID.
   pid_t pid_;
+  /// The language type of this worker.
+  Language language_;
   /// Connection state of a worker.
   std::shared_ptr<LocalClientConnection> connection_;
   /// The worker's currently assigned task.
diff --git a/src/ray/raylet/worker_pool.cc b/src/ray/raylet/worker_pool.cc
index e1dd34a0e..b5d9aa12c 100644
--- a/src/ray/raylet/worker_pool.cc
+++ b/src/ray/raylet/worker_pool.cc
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-// A helper function to remove a worker from a list. Returns true if the worker
-// was found and removed.
+// A helper function to get a worker from a list.
 std::shared_ptr<ray::raylet::Worker> GetWorker(
     const std::list<std::shared_ptr<ray::raylet::Worker>> &worker_pool,
     const std::shared_ptr<ray::LocalClientConnection> &connection) {
@@ -40,28 +39,36 @@ namespace ray {
 namespace raylet {
 
 /// A constructor that initializes a worker pool with
-/// (num_worker_processes * num_workers_per_process) workers
-WorkerPool::WorkerPool(int num_worker_processes, int num_workers_per_process,
-                       int num_cpus, const std::vector<std::string> &worker_command)
-    : num_workers_per_process_(num_workers_per_process),
-      num_cpus_(num_cpus),
-      worker_command_(worker_command) {
+/// (num_worker_processes * num_workers_per_process) workers for each language.
+WorkerPool::WorkerPool(
+    int num_worker_processes, int num_workers_per_process, int num_cpus,
+    const std::unordered_map<Language, std::vector<std::string>> &worker_commands)
+    : num_workers_per_process_(num_workers_per_process), num_cpus_(num_cpus) {
   RAY_CHECK(num_workers_per_process > 0) << "num_workers_per_process must be positive.";
   // Ignore SIGCHLD signals. If we don't do this, then worker processes will
   // become zombies instead of dying gracefully.
   signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
-  for (int i = 0; i < num_worker_processes; i++) {
-    // Force-start num_workers workers.
-    StartWorkerProcess(true);
+  for (const auto &entry : worker_commands) {
+    // Initialize the pool state for this language.
+    auto &state = states_by_lang_[entry.first];
+    // Set worker command for this language.
+    state.worker_command = entry.second;
+    RAY_CHECK(!state.worker_command.empty()) << "Worker command must not be empty.";
+    // Force-start num_workers worker processes for this language.
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_worker_processes; i++) {
+      StartWorkerProcess(entry.first, true);
+    }
   }
 }
 
 WorkerPool::~WorkerPool() {
   std::unordered_set<pid_t> pids_to_kill;
-  // Kill all registered workers. NOTE(swang): This assumes that the registered
-  // workers were started by the pool.
-  for (const auto &worker : registered_workers_) {
-    pids_to_kill.insert(worker->Pid());
+  for (const auto &entry : states_by_lang_) {
+    // Kill all registered workers. NOTE(swang): This assumes that the registered
+    // workers were started by the pool.
+    for (const auto &worker : entry.second.registered_workers) {
+      pids_to_kill.insert(worker->Pid());
+    }
   }
   // Kill all the workers that have been started but not registered.
   for (const auto &entry : starting_worker_processes_) {
@@ -77,12 +84,17 @@ WorkerPool::~WorkerPool() {
   }
 }
 
-uint32_t WorkerPool::Size() const {
-  return static_cast<uint32_t>(actor_pool_.size() + pool_.size());
+uint32_t WorkerPool::Size(const Language &language) const {
+  const auto state = states_by_lang_.find(language);
+  if (state == states_by_lang_.end()) {
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(state->second.idle.size() +
+                                 state->second.idle_actor.size());
+  }
 }
 
-void WorkerPool::StartWorkerProcess(bool force_start) {
-  RAY_CHECK(!worker_command_.empty()) << "No worker command provided";
+void WorkerPool::StartWorkerProcess(const Language &language, bool force_start) {
   // The first condition makes sure that we are always starting up to
   // num_cpus_ number of processes in parallel.
   if (static_cast<int>(starting_worker_processes_.size()) >= num_cpus_ && !force_start) {
@@ -91,9 +103,11 @@ void WorkerPool::StartWorkerProcess(bool force_start) {
                    << " worker processes pending registration";
     return;
   }
+  auto &state = GetStateForLanguage(language);
   // Either there are no workers pending registration or the worker start is being forced.
-  RAY_LOG(DEBUG) << "starting worker, actor pool " << actor_pool_.size() << " task pool "
-                 << pool_.size();
+  RAY_LOG(DEBUG) << "Starting new worker process, current pool has "
+                 << state.idle_actor.size() << " actor workers, and " << state.idle.size()
+                 << " non-actor workers";
 
   // Launch the process to create the worker.
   pid_t pid = fork();
@@ -108,7 +122,7 @@ void WorkerPool::StartWorkerProcess(bool force_start) {
 
   // Extract pointers from the worker command to pass into execvp.
   std::vector<const char *> worker_command_args;
-  for (auto const &token : worker_command_) {
+  for (auto const &token : state.worker_command) {
     worker_command_args.push_back(token.c_str());
   }
   worker_command_args.push_back(nullptr);
@@ -123,7 +137,8 @@ void WorkerPool::StartWorkerProcess(bool force_start) {
 void WorkerPool::RegisterWorker(std::shared_ptr<Worker> worker) {
   auto pid = worker->Pid();
   RAY_LOG(DEBUG) << "Registering worker with pid " << pid;
-  registered_workers_.push_back(std::move(worker));
+  auto &state = GetStateForLanguage(worker->GetLanguage());
+  state.registered_workers.push_back(std::move(worker));
 
   auto it = starting_worker_processes_.find(pid);
   RAY_CHECK(it != starting_worker_processes_.end());
@@ -135,55 +150,79 @@ void WorkerPool::RegisterWorker(std::shared_ptr<Worker> worker) {
 
 void WorkerPool::RegisterDriver(std::shared_ptr<Worker> driver) {
   RAY_CHECK(!driver->GetAssignedTaskId().is_nil());
-  registered_drivers_.push_back(driver);
+  auto &state = GetStateForLanguage(driver->GetLanguage());
+  state.registered_drivers.push_back(driver);
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<Worker> WorkerPool::GetRegisteredWorker(
     const std::shared_ptr<LocalClientConnection> &connection) const {
-  return GetWorker(registered_workers_, connection);
+  for (const auto &entry : states_by_lang_) {
+    auto worker = GetWorker(entry.second.registered_workers, connection);
+    if (worker != nullptr) {
+      return worker;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<Worker> WorkerPool::GetRegisteredDriver(
     const std::shared_ptr<LocalClientConnection> &connection) const {
-  return GetWorker(registered_drivers_, connection);
+  for (const auto &entry : states_by_lang_) {
+    auto driver = GetWorker(entry.second.registered_drivers, connection);
+    if (driver != nullptr) {
+      return driver;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
 }
 
 void WorkerPool::PushWorker(std::shared_ptr<Worker> worker) {
   // Since the worker is now idle, unset its assigned task ID.
   RAY_CHECK(worker->GetAssignedTaskId().is_nil())
       << "Idle workers cannot have an assigned task ID";
+  auto &state = GetStateForLanguage(worker->GetLanguage());
   // Add the worker to the idle pool.
   if (worker->GetActorId().is_nil()) {
-    pool_.push_back(std::move(worker));
+    state.idle.push_back(std::move(worker));
   } else {
-    actor_pool_[worker->GetActorId()] = std::move(worker);
+    state.idle_actor[worker->GetActorId()] = std::move(worker);
   }
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<Worker> WorkerPool::PopWorker(const ActorID &actor_id) {
+std::shared_ptr<Worker> WorkerPool::PopWorker(const TaskSpecification &task_spec) {
+  auto &state = GetStateForLanguage(task_spec.GetLanguage());
+  const auto &actor_id = task_spec.ActorId();
   std::shared_ptr<Worker> worker = nullptr;
   if (actor_id.is_nil()) {
-    if (!pool_.empty()) {
-      worker = std::move(pool_.back());
-      pool_.pop_back();
+    if (!state.idle.empty()) {
+      worker = std::move(state.idle.back());
+      state.idle.pop_back();
     }
   } else {
-    auto actor_entry = actor_pool_.find(actor_id);
-    if (actor_entry != actor_pool_.end()) {
+    auto actor_entry = state.idle_actor.find(actor_id);
+    if (actor_entry != state.idle_actor.end()) {
       worker = std::move(actor_entry->second);
-      actor_pool_.erase(actor_entry);
+      state.idle_actor.erase(actor_entry);
     }
   }
   return worker;
 }
 
 bool WorkerPool::DisconnectWorker(std::shared_ptr<Worker> worker) {
-  RAY_CHECK(RemoveWorker(registered_workers_, worker));
-  return RemoveWorker(pool_, worker);
+  auto &state = GetStateForLanguage(worker->GetLanguage());
+  RAY_CHECK(RemoveWorker(state.registered_workers, worker));
+  return RemoveWorker(state.idle, worker);
 }
 
 void WorkerPool::DisconnectDriver(std::shared_ptr<Worker> driver) {
-  RAY_CHECK(RemoveWorker(registered_drivers_, driver));
+  auto &state = GetStateForLanguage(driver->GetLanguage());
+  RAY_CHECK(RemoveWorker(state.registered_drivers, driver));
+}
+
+inline WorkerPool::State &WorkerPool::GetStateForLanguage(const Language &language) {
+  auto state = states_by_lang_.find(language);
+  RAY_CHECK(state != states_by_lang_.end()) << "Required Language isn't supported.";
+  return state->second;
 }
 
 }  // namespace raylet
diff --git a/src/ray/raylet/worker_pool.h b/src/ray/raylet/worker_pool.h
index 7850ae54e..d943bc6cc 100644
--- a/src/ray/raylet/worker_pool.h
+++ b/src/ray/raylet/worker_pool.h
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 #include "ray/common/client_connection.h"
+#include "ray/gcs/format/util.h"
+#include "ray/raylet/task.h"
 #include "ray/raylet/worker.h"
 
 namespace ray {
@@ -26,11 +28,13 @@ class WorkerPool {
   /// the process should create and register the specified number of workers,
   /// and add them to the pool.
   ///
-  /// \param num_worker_processes The number of worker processes to start.
+  /// \param num_worker_processes The number of worker processes to start, per language.
   /// \param num_workers_per_process The number of workers per process.
-  /// \param worker_command The command used to start the worker process.
-  WorkerPool(int num_worker_processes, int num_workers_per_process, int num_cpus,
-             const std::vector<std::string> &worker_command);
+  /// \param worker_commands The commands used to start the worker process, grouped by
+  /// language.
+  WorkerPool(
+      int num_worker_processes, int num_workers_per_process, int num_cpus,
+      const std::unordered_map<Language, std::vector<std::string>> &worker_commands);
 
   /// Destructor responsible for freeing a set of workers owned by this class.
   virtual ~WorkerPool();
@@ -42,9 +46,10 @@ class WorkerPool {
   /// This function will start up to num_cpus many workers in parallel
   /// if it is called multiple times.
   ///
+  /// \param language Which language this worker process should be.
   /// \param force_start Controls whether to force starting a worker regardless of any
   /// workers that have already been started but not yet registered.
-  void StartWorkerProcess(bool force_start = false);
+  void StartWorkerProcess(const Language &language, bool force_start = false);
 
   /// Register a new worker. The Worker should be added by the caller to the
   /// pool after it becomes idle (e.g., requests a work assignment).
@@ -92,16 +97,17 @@ class WorkerPool {
   /// Pop an idle worker from the pool. The caller is responsible for pushing
   /// the worker back onto the pool once the worker has completed its work.
   ///
-  /// \param actor_id The returned worker must have this actor ID.
-  /// \return An idle worker with the requested actor ID. Returns nullptr if no
+  /// \param task_spec The returned worker must be able to execute this task.
+  /// \return An idle worker with the requested task spec. Returns nullptr if no
   /// such worker exists.
-  std::shared_ptr<Worker> PopWorker(const ActorID &actor_id);
+  std::shared_ptr<Worker> PopWorker(const TaskSpecification &task_spec);
 
-  /// Return the current size of the worker pool. Counts only the workers that registered
-  /// and requested a task.
+  /// Return the current size of the worker pool for the requested language. Counts only
+  /// idle workers.
   ///
+  /// \param language The requested language.
   /// \return The total count of all workers (actor and non-actor) in the pool.
-  uint32_t Size() const;
+  uint32_t Size(const Language &language) const;
 
  protected:
   /// A map from the pids of starting worker processes
@@ -111,20 +117,31 @@ class WorkerPool {
   int num_workers_per_process_;
 
  private:
+  /// An internal data structure that maintains the pool state per language.
+  struct State {
+    /// The commands and arguments used to start the worker process
+    std::vector<std::string> worker_command;
+    /// The pool of idle non-actor workers.
+    std::list<std::shared_ptr<Worker>> idle;
+    /// The pool of idle actor workers.
+    std::unordered_map<ActorID, std::shared_ptr<Worker>> idle_actor;
+    /// All workers that have registered and are still connected, including both
+    /// idle and executing.
+    // TODO(swang): Make this a map to make GetRegisteredWorker faster.
+    std::list<std::shared_ptr<Worker>> registered_workers;
+    /// All drivers that have registered and are still connected.
+    std::list<std::shared_ptr<Worker>> registered_drivers;
+  };
+
+  /// A helper function that returns the reference of the pool state
+  /// for a given language.
+  inline State &GetStateForLanguage(const Language &language);
+
   /// The number of CPUs this Raylet has available.
   int num_cpus_;
-  /// The command and arguments used to start the worker.
-  std::vector<std::string> worker_command_;
-  /// The pool of idle workers.
-  std::list<std::shared_ptr<Worker>> pool_;
-  /// The pool of idle actor workers.
-  std::unordered_map<ActorID, std::shared_ptr<Worker>> actor_pool_;
-  /// All workers that have registered and are still connected, including both
-  /// idle and executing.
-  // TODO(swang): Make this a map to make GetRegisteredWorker faster.
-  std::list<std::shared_ptr<Worker>> registered_workers_;
-  /// All drivers that have registered and are still connected.
-  std::list<std::shared_ptr<Worker>> registered_drivers_;
+
+  /// Pool states per language.
+  std::unordered_map<Language, State> states_by_lang_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace raylet
diff --git a/src/ray/raylet/worker_pool_test.cc b/src/ray/raylet/worker_pool_test.cc
index b73f9ae3c..17b45b809 100644
--- a/src/ray/raylet/worker_pool_test.cc
+++ b/src/ray/raylet/worker_pool_test.cc
@@ -12,9 +12,13 @@ int NUM_WORKERS_PER_PROCESS = 3;
 
 class WorkerPoolMock : public WorkerPool {
  public:
-  WorkerPoolMock() : WorkerPool(0, NUM_WORKERS_PER_PROCESS, 0, {}) {}
+  WorkerPoolMock()
+      : WorkerPool(0, NUM_WORKERS_PER_PROCESS, 0,
+                   {{Language::PYTHON, {"dummy_py_worker_command"}},
+                    {Language::JAVA, {"dummy_java_worker_command"}}}) {}
 
-  void StartWorkerProcess(pid_t pid, bool force_start = false) {
+  void StartWorkerProcess(pid_t pid, const Language &language = Language::PYTHON,
+                          bool force_start = false) {
     if (starting_worker_processes_.size() > 0 && !force_start) {
       // Workers have been started, but not registered. Force start disabled -- returning.
       RAY_LOG(DEBUG) << starting_worker_processes_.size()
@@ -22,7 +26,7 @@ class WorkerPoolMock : public WorkerPool {
       return;
     }
     // Either no workers are pending registration or the worker start is being forced.
-    RAY_LOG(DEBUG) << "starting new worker process, worker pool size " << Size();
+    RAY_LOG(DEBUG) << "starting new worker process, worker pool size " << Size(language);
     starting_worker_processes_.emplace(std::make_pair(pid, num_workers_per_process_));
   }
 
@@ -33,7 +37,8 @@ class WorkerPoolTest : public ::testing::Test {
  public:
   WorkerPoolTest() : worker_pool_(), io_service_() {}
 
-  std::shared_ptr<Worker> CreateWorker(pid_t pid) {
+  std::shared_ptr<Worker> CreateWorker(pid_t pid,
+                                       const Language &language = Language::PYTHON) {
     std::function<void(LocalClientConnection &)> client_handler =
         [this](LocalClientConnection &client) { HandleNewClient(client); };
     std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<LocalClientConnection>, int64_t, const uint8_t *)>
@@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ class WorkerPoolTest : public ::testing::Test {
     boost::asio::local::stream_protocol::socket socket(io_service_);
     auto client = LocalClientConnection::Create(client_handler, message_handler,
                                                 std::move(socket), "worker");
-    return std::shared_ptr<Worker>(new Worker(pid, client));
+    return std::shared_ptr<Worker>(new Worker(pid, language, client));
   }
 
  protected:
@@ -56,6 +61,14 @@ class WorkerPoolTest : public ::testing::Test {
   void HandleMessage(std::shared_ptr<LocalClientConnection>, int64_t, const uint8_t *){};
 };
 
+static inline TaskSpecification ExampleTaskSpec(
+    const ActorID actor_id = ActorID::nil(),
+    const Language &language = Language::PYTHON) {
+  return TaskSpecification(UniqueID::nil(), UniqueID::nil(), 0, ActorID::nil(),
+                           ObjectID::nil(), actor_id, ActorHandleID::nil(), 0,
+                           FunctionID::nil(), {}, 0, {}, language);
+}
+
 TEST_F(WorkerPoolTest, HandleWorkerRegistration) {
   pid_t pid = 1234;
   worker_pool_.StartWorkerProcess(pid);
@@ -85,7 +98,8 @@ TEST_F(WorkerPoolTest, HandleWorkerRegistration) {
 TEST_F(WorkerPoolTest, HandleWorkerPushPop) {
   // Try to pop a worker from the empty pool and make sure we don't get one.
   std::shared_ptr<Worker> popped_worker;
-  popped_worker = worker_pool_.PopWorker(ActorID::nil());
+  const auto task_spec = ExampleTaskSpec();
+  popped_worker = worker_pool_.PopWorker(task_spec);
   ASSERT_EQ(popped_worker, nullptr);
 
   // Create some workers.
@@ -98,13 +112,13 @@ TEST_F(WorkerPoolTest, HandleWorkerPushPop) {
   }
 
   // Pop two workers and make sure they're one of the workers we created.
-  popped_worker = worker_pool_.PopWorker(ActorID::nil());
+  popped_worker = worker_pool_.PopWorker(task_spec);
   ASSERT_NE(popped_worker, nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(workers.count(popped_worker) > 0);
-  popped_worker = worker_pool_.PopWorker(ActorID::nil());
+  popped_worker = worker_pool_.PopWorker(task_spec);
   ASSERT_NE(popped_worker, nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(workers.count(popped_worker) > 0);
-  popped_worker = worker_pool_.PopWorker(ActorID::nil());
+  popped_worker = worker_pool_.PopWorker(task_spec);
   ASSERT_EQ(popped_worker, nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -115,19 +129,39 @@ TEST_F(WorkerPoolTest, PopActorWorker) {
   worker_pool_.PushWorker(worker);
 
   // Assign an actor ID to the worker.
-  auto actor = worker_pool_.PopWorker(ActorID::nil());
+  const auto task_spec = ExampleTaskSpec();
+  auto actor = worker_pool_.PopWorker(task_spec);
   auto actor_id = ActorID::from_random();
   actor->AssignActorId(actor_id);
   worker_pool_.PushWorker(actor);
 
   // Check that there are no more non-actor workers.
-  ASSERT_EQ(worker_pool_.PopWorker(ActorID::nil()), nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(worker_pool_.PopWorker(task_spec), nullptr);
   // Check that we can pop the actor worker.
-  actor = worker_pool_.PopWorker(actor_id);
+  const auto actor_task_spec = ExampleTaskSpec(actor_id);
+  actor = worker_pool_.PopWorker(actor_task_spec);
   ASSERT_EQ(actor, worker);
   ASSERT_EQ(actor->GetActorId(), actor_id);
 }
 
+TEST_F(WorkerPoolTest, PopWorkersOfMultipleLanguages) {
+  // Create a Python Worker, and add it to the pool
+  auto py_worker = CreateWorker(1234, Language::PYTHON);
+  worker_pool_.PushWorker(py_worker);
+  // Check that no worker will be popped if the given task is a Java task
+  const auto java_task_spec = ExampleTaskSpec(ActorID::nil(), Language::JAVA);
+  ASSERT_EQ(worker_pool_.PopWorker(java_task_spec), nullptr);
+  // Check that the worker can be popped if the given task is a Python task
+  const auto py_task_spec = ExampleTaskSpec(ActorID::nil(), Language::PYTHON);
+  ASSERT_NE(worker_pool_.PopWorker(py_task_spec), nullptr);
+
+  // Create a Java Worker, and add it to the pool
+  auto java_worker = CreateWorker(1234, Language::JAVA);
+  worker_pool_.PushWorker(java_worker);
+  // Check that the worker will be popped now for Java task
+  ASSERT_NE(worker_pool_.PopWorker(java_task_spec), nullptr);
+}
+
 }  // namespace raylet
 
 }  // namespace ray