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scikit-image/scikits/image/morphology/skeletonize.py
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"""skeletonize.py - Use an iterative thinning algorithm to find the
skeletons of binary objects in an image.
Original author: Neil Yager
"""
import numpy as np
from scipy.ndimage import correlate
def skeletonize(image):
"""
Return a single pixel wide skeleton of all connected components
in a binary image.
The algorithm works by making successive passes of the image,
removing pixels on object borders. This continues until no
more pixels can be removed. The image is correlated with a
mask that assigns each pixel a number in the range [0...255]
corresponding to each possible pattern of its 8 neighbouring
pixels. A look up table is then used to assign the pixels a
value of 0, 1, 2 or 3, which are selectively removed during
the iterations.
Parameters
----------
image: ndarray (2D)
A binary image containing the objects to be skeletonized. '1'
represents foreground, and '0' represents background.
Notes
-----
This implementation gives different results than a medial
axis transforrmation, which can be can be implemented using
morphological operations. This implementation is generally much
faster.
Returns
-------
out: ndarray
A matrix containing the thinned image
References
----------
A fast parallel algorithm for thinning digital patterns,
T. Y. ZHANG and C. Y. SUEN, Communications of the ACM,
March 1984, Volume 27, Number 3
Examples
--------
"""
# look up table
lut = [ 0,0,0,1,0,0,1,3,0,0,3,1,1,0,1,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,2,0,3,0,3,3,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,3,0,2,2,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,3,0,2,0,
0,1,3,1,0,0,1,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
3,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
2,3,1,3,0,0,1,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
2,3,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,3,0,1,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,0,2,0,0,0]
# initialize the skeleton to the original image
# TODO: how to handle data types
skeleton = image.copy().astype(np.int8)
# create the mask that will assign a value based on neighbouring pixels
mask = np.array([[ 1, 2, 4],
[128, 0, 8],
[ 64, 32, 16]], np.int8)
pixelRemoved = True
while pixelRemoved:
pixelRemoved = False;
# pass 1 - remove the 1's and 3's
neighbours = correlate(skeleton, mask, mode='constant')
neighbours[skeleton == 0] = 0
codes = np.take(lut, neighbours)
if np.any(codes == 1):
pixelRemoved = True
skeleton[codes == 1] = 0
if np.any(codes == 3):
pixelRemoved = True
skeleton[codes == 3] = 0
# pass 2 - remove the 2's and 3's
neighbours = correlate(skeleton, mask, mode='constant')
neighbours[skeleton == 0] = 0
codes = np.take(lut, neighbours)
if np.any(codes == 2):
pixelRemoved = True
skeleton[codes == 2] = 0
if np.any(codes == 3):
pixelRemoved = True
skeleton[codes == 3] = 0
return skeleton