Files
scikit-image/skimage/transform/integral.py
T

114 lines
3.2 KiB
Python

import numpy as np
def integral_image(img):
"""Integral image / summed area table.
The integral image contains the sum of all elements above and to the
left of it, i.e.:
.. math::
S[m, n] = \sum_{i \leq m} \sum_{j \leq n} X[i, j]
Parameters
----------
img : ndarray
Input image.
Returns
-------
S : ndarray
Integral image/summed area table of same shape as input image.
References
----------
.. [1] F.C. Crow, "Summed-area tables for texture mapping,"
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, vol. 18, 1984, pp. 207-212.
"""
S = img
for i in range(img.ndim):
S = S.cumsum(axis=i)
return S
def integrate(ii, *args):
"""Use an integral image to integrate over a given window.
Parameters
----------
ii : ndarray
Integral image.
args: lists of start and end coordinates
(see example for detailed explanation)
Returns
-------
S : scalar or ndarray
Integral (sum) over the given window(s).
Notes
-----
Example
>>arr = np.asarray([[1,1,1,1,1,1],[1,1,1,1,1,1],[1,1,1,1,1,1],[1,1,1,1,1,1],[1,1,1,1,1,1]])
>>print arr
[[1 1 1 1 1 1]
[1 1 1 1 1 1]
[1 1 1 1 1 1]
[1 1 1 1 1 1]
[1 1 1 1 1 1]]
>>ii = integral_image(arr);
>>print integrate(ii,1,0,1,2) #sum from (1,0) -> (1,2)
[ 3.]
>>print integrate(ii,3,3,4,5) #sum form (3,3) -> (4,5)
[ 6.]
>>print integrate(ii,[1,3],[0,3],[1,4],[2,5]) # sum from (1,0) -> (1,2) and (3,3) -> (4,5)
[3. 6.]
"""
assert(len(args) == 2 * ii.ndim)
start = args[0]
end = args[ii.ndim]
for i in range(1, ii.ndim):
start = np.vstack((start, args[i]))
end = np.vstack((end, args[i + ii.ndim]))
# each row of start/end is a starting/ending point
start = start.T
end = end.T
rows = start.shape[0]
image_shape = ii.shape
total_shape = image_shape
# take care of negative coordinates
for i in range(1, rows):
total_shape = np.vstack((total_shape, image_shape))
start_negatives = start < 0
end_negatives = end < 0
start = (start + total_shape) * start_negatives + start * np.invert(start_negatives)
end = (end + total_shape) * end_negatives + end * np.invert(end_negatives)
if(np.any((end - start) < 0)):
raise IndexError('end coordinates must be greater or equal to start')
S = np.zeros(rows)
bit_perm = 2**(ii.ndim) # bit_perm is the total number of elements in expression of S
width = len(bin(bit_perm - 1)[2:])
for i in range(bit_perm): # for all permutations
# generate boolean array corresponding to permutation eg [True, False] for '10'
binary = bin(i)[2:].zfill(width)
bool_mask = [bit == '1' for bit in binary]
sign = (-1)**sum(bool_mask) # determine sign of permutation
bad = [np.any(((start[r] - 1) * bool_mask) < 0) for r in range(rows)] # find out bad start rows
corner_points = (end * (np.invert(bool_mask))) + ((start - 1) * bool_mask) # find corner for each row
S += [sign * ii[tuple(corner_points[r])] if(bad[r] == False) else 0 for r in range(rows)] # add only good rows
return S