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simpeg/SimPEG/EM/TDEM/TDEM.py
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Python

from SimPEG import Problem, Utils, np, sp, Solver as SimpegSolver
from SimPEG.EM.Base import BaseEMProblem
from SimPEG.EM.TDEM.SurveyTDEM import Survey as SurveyTDEM
from SimPEG.EM.TDEM.FieldsTDEM import *
from scipy.constants import mu_0
import time
class BaseTDEMProblem(Problem.BaseTimeProblem, BaseEMProblem):
"""
We start with the first order form of Maxwell's equations
"""
surveyPair = SurveyTDEM
fieldsPair = Fields
def __init__(self, mesh, mapping=None, **kwargs):
Problem.BaseTimeProblem.__init__(self, mesh, mapping=mapping, **kwargs)
def fields(self, m):
"""
Solve the forward problem for the fields.
:param numpy.array m: inversion model (nP,)
:rtype numpy.array:
:return F: fields
"""
tic = time.time()
self.curModel = m
F = self.fieldsPair(self.mesh, self.survey)
# set initial fields
F[:,self._fieldType+'Solution',0] = self.getInitialFields()
# timestep to solve forward
Ainv = None
for tInd, dt in enumerate(self.timeSteps):
if Ainv is not None and (tInd > 0 and dt != self.timeSteps[tInd - 1]):# keep factors if dt is the same as previous step b/c A will be the same
Ainv.clean()
Ainv = None
if Ainv is None:
A = self.getAdiag(tInd)
if self.verbose: print 'Factoring... (dt = %e)'%dt
Ainv = self.Solver(A, **self.solverOpts)
if self.verbose: print 'Done'
rhs = self.getRHS(tInd+1) # this is on the nodes of the time mesh
Asubdiag = self.getAsubdiag(tInd)
if self.verbose: print ' Solving... (tInd = %d)'%tInd+1
sol = Ainv * (rhs - Asubdiag * F[:,self._fieldType+'Solution',tInd]) # taking a step
if self.verbose: print ' Done...'
if sol.ndim == 1:
sol.shape = (sol.size,1)
F[:,self._fieldType+'Solution',tInd+1] = sol
Ainv.clean()
return F
def Jvec(self, m, v, u=None):
if u is None:
u = self.fields(m)
ftype = self._fieldType + 'Solution' # the thing we solved for
self.curModel = m
Jv = self.dataPair(self.survey)
# mat to store previous time-step's solution deriv times a vector for each source
# size: nu x nSrc
dun_dm_v = self.getInitialFieldsDeriv(v) # can over-write this at each timestep
#
df_dm_v = Fields_Derivs(self.mesh, self.survey) # store the field derivs we need to project to calc full deriv
Adiaginv = None
for tInd, dt in zip(range(self.nT+1), self.timeSteps):
if Adiaginv is not None and (tInd > 0 and dt != self.timeSteps[tInd - 1]):# keep factors if dt is the same as previous step b/c A will be the same
Adiaginv.clean()
Adiaginv = None
if Adiaginv is None:
A = self.getAdiag(tInd)
Adiaginv = self.Solver(A, **self.solverOpts)
Asubdiag = self.getAsubdiag(tInd)
for i, src in enumerate(self.survey.srcList):
# here, we are lagging by a timestep, so filling in as we go
for projField in set([rx.projField for rx in src.rxList]):
df_dmFun = getattr(u, '_%sDeriv'%projField, None)
# df_dm_v is dense, but we only need the times at (rx.P.T * ones > 0)
# This should be called rx.footprint
df_dm_v[src, '%sDeriv'%projField , tInd] = df_dmFun(tInd, src, dun_dm_v[:,i], v)
un_src = u[src,ftype,tInd+1]
dA_dm_v = self.getAdiagDeriv(tInd, un_src, v) # cell centered on time mesh
dRHS_dm_v = self.getRHSDeriv(tInd+1, src, v) # on nodes of time mesh
# dAsubdiag_dm_v = 0
JRHS = dRHS_dm_v - dA_dm_v # - dAsubdiag_dm_v (which is zero)
# step in time and overwrite
if tInd != len(self.timeSteps+1):
dun_dm_v[:,i] = Adiaginv * (JRHS - Asubdiag * dun_dm_v[:,i])
for src in self.survey.srcList:
for rx in src.rxList:
Jv[src,rx] = rx.evalDeriv(src, self.mesh, self.timeMesh, df_dm_v)
Adiaginv.clean()
return Utils.mkvc(Jv)
def Jtvec(self, m, v, u=None):
if u is None:
u = self.fields(m)
self.curModel = m
ftype = self._fieldType + 'Solution' # the thing we solved for
# Ensure v is a data object.
if not isinstance(v, self.dataPair):
v = self.dataPair(self.survey, v)
# TODO: make this general
# if self._fieldType is 'b':
# dun_dmT_v = np.zeros((len(m), self.survey.nSrc))
PT_v = Fields_Derivs(self.mesh, self.survey) #PT_v is a fields object
# TODO: This will only work for b formulation right now b/c of the mesh.nF
df_duT_v = np.zeros((self.mesh.nF,self.nT+1))
ATinv_df_duT_v = np.zeros((self.mesh.nF,self.nT))
for src in self.survey.srcList:
# for rx in src.rxList:
for projField in set([rx.projField for rx in src.rxList]):
PT_v[src,'%sDeriv'%projField, :] = rx.evalDeriv(src, self.mesh, self.timeMesh, v, adjoint = True) # All the fields for a given src, reciever.
df_duTFun = getattr(u, '_%sDeriv'%projField, None)
# TODO: don't need to recompute df_dmT_v every time... only need it once
df_duT_v_cur, df_dmT_v = df_duTFun(None, src, None, PT_v[src,'%sDeriv'%projField,:], adjoint=True) # this seems odd
df_duT_v = df_duT_v + df_duT_v_cur
AdiagTinv = None
JTv = df_dmT_v
for tInd in reversed(range(self.nT)): #enumerate(reversed(list(self.timeSteps))):
if AdiagTinv is not None and (tInd < self.nT and self.timeSteps[tInd] != self.timeSteps[tInd + 1]):# keep factors if dt is the same as previous step b/c A will be the same
AdiagTinv.clean()
AdiagTinv = None
if AdiagTinv is None:
Adiag = self.getAdiag(tInd)
AdiagTinv = self.Solver(Adiag.T, **self.solverOpts)
Asubdiag = self.getAsubdiag(tInd)
# solve against df_duT_v
if tInd < self.nT:
# print Utils.mkvc(AdiagTinv * df_duT_v[:,tInd],2).shape, ATinv_df_duT_v[:,tInd].shape
ATinv_df_duT_v[:,tInd] = AdiagTinv * df_duT_v[:,tInd]
else:
ATinv_df_duT_v[:,tInd] = AdiagTinv * (df_duT_v[:,tInd+1] - Asubdiag.T * df_duT_v[:,tInd])
un_src = u[src,ftype,tInd]
dAT_dm_v = self.getAdiagDeriv(tInd, un_src, ATinv_df_duT_v[:,tInd], adjoint=True) # cell centered on time mesh
dRHST_dm_v = self.getRHSDeriv(tInd, src, ATinv_df_duT_v[:,tInd], adjoint=True) # on nodes of time mesh
# dAsubdiag_dm_v = 0
JTv = JTv + (-dAT_dm_v + dRHST_dm_v)
return JTv
# for i, src in enumerate(self.survey.srcList):
# un_src = u[src,ftype,tInd+1] # fields for this source at tInd
# for rx in src.rxList:
# df_duTFun = getattr(u, '_%sDeriv'%rx.projField, None)
# df_duT_v, df_dmT_v = df_duTFun(tInd, src, None, PT_v[src,'%sDeriv'%rx.projField,tInd], adjoint=True)
# ATinv_df_duT_v = AdiagTinv * df_duT_v
# dAT_dm_v = self.getAdiagDeriv(tInd, un_src, ATinv_df_duT_v, adjoint=True)
# dRHST_dm_v = self.getRHSDeriv(tInd, src, ATinv_df_duT_v)
# # dAsubdiagT_dm_v = 0
# print dAT_dm_v.shape, Asubdiag.shape, ATinv_df_duT_v.shape, dun_dmT_v.shape,
# dun_dmT_v[:,i] = (dRHST_dm_v - dAT_dm_v - Asubdiag.T*dun_dmT_v[:,i])
# # rhsT_v = self.getJRHS(tInd, src, u_src, ATinv_df_duT_v, dun_dmT_v[:,i], adjoint = True)
# JTv = JTv + dun_dmT_v
# return Utils.mkvc(JTv)
# def getJRHS(self, tInd, src, u, v, adjoint = False):
# dA_dm = self.getADeriv(tInd, u, v, adjoint)
# dRHS_dm = self.getRHSDeriv(tInd, src, v, adjoint)
# b = - dA_dm + dRHS_dm
# return b
def getSourceTerm(self, tInd):
Srcs = self.survey.srcList
if self._eqLocs is 'FE':
S_m = np.zeros((self.mesh.nF,len(Srcs)))
S_e = np.zeros((self.mesh.nE,len(Srcs)))
elif self._eqLocs is 'EF':
S_m = np.zeros((self.mesh.nE,len(Srcs)))
S_e = np.zeros((self.mesh.nF,len(Srcs)))
for i, src in enumerate(Srcs):
smi, sei = src.eval(self, self.times[tInd])
S_m[:,i] = S_m[:,i] + smi
S_e[:,i] = S_e[:,i] + sei
return S_m, S_e
def getInitialFields(self):
Srcs = self.survey.srcList
if self._fieldType is 'b' or self._fieldType is 'j':
ifields = np.zeros((self.mesh.nF, len(Srcs)))
elif self._fieldType is 'e' or self._fieldType is 'h':
ifields = np.zeros((self.mesh.nE, len(Srcs)))
for i,src in enumerate(Srcs):
ifields[:,i] = ifields[:,i] + getattr(src, '%sInitial'%self._fieldType, None)(self)
return ifields
def getInitialFieldsDeriv(self, v, adjoint=False):
Srcs = self.survey.srcList
if self._fieldType is 'b' or self._fieldType is 'j':
ifieldsDeriv = np.zeros((self.mesh.nF, len(Srcs)))
elif self._fieldType is 'e' or self._fieldType is 'h':
ifieldsDeriv = np.zeros((self.mesh.nE, len(Srcs)))
for i,src in enumerate(Srcs):
ifieldsDeriv[:,i] = ifieldsDeriv[:,i] + getattr(src, '%sInitialDeriv'%self._fieldType, None)(self,v,adjoint)
return ifieldsDeriv
##########################################################################################
################################ E-B Formulation #########################################
##########################################################################################
class Problem_b(BaseTDEMProblem):
"""
Starting from the quasi-static E-B formulation of Maxwell's equations (semi-discretized)
.. math::
\mathbf{C} \mathbf{e} + \\frac{\partial \mathbf{b}}{\partial t} = \mathbf{s_m} \\\\
\mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f} \mathbf{b} - \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e} \mathbf{e} = \mathbf{s_e}
where :math:`\mathbf{s_e}` is an integrated quantity, we eliminate :math:`\mathbf{e}` using
.. math::
\mathbf{e} = \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f} \mathbf{b} - \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{s_e}
to obtain a second order semi-discretized system in :math:`\mathbf{b}`
.. math::
\mathbf{C} \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f} \mathbf{b} + \\frac{\partial \mathbf{b}}{\partial t} = \mathbf{C} \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{s_e} + \mathbf{s_m}
and moving everything except the time derivative to the rhs gives
.. math::
\\frac{\partial \mathbf{b}}{\partial t} = -\mathbf{C} \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f} \mathbf{b} + \mathbf{C} \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{s_e} + \mathbf{s_m}
For the time discretization, we use backward euler. To solve for the :math:`n+1`th time step, we have
.. math::
\\frac{\mathbf{b}^{n+1} - \mathbf{b}^{n}}{\mathbf{dt}} = -\mathbf{C} \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f} \mathbf{b}^{n+1} + \mathbf{C} \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{s_e}^{n+1} + \mathbf{s_m}^{n+1}
re-arranging to put :math:`\mathbf{b}^{n+1}` on the left hand side gives
.. math::
(\mathbf{I} + \mathbf{dt} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f}) \mathbf{b}^{n+1} = \mathbf{b}^{n} + \mathbf{dt}(\mathbf{C} \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{s_e}^{n+1} + \mathbf{s_m}^{n+1})
:param Mesh mesh: mesh
:param Mapping mapping: mapping
"""
_fieldType = 'b'
_eqLocs = 'FE'
fieldsPair = Fields_b
surveyPair = SurveyTDEM
def __init__(self, mesh, mapping=None, **kwargs):
BaseTDEMProblem.__init__(self, mesh, mapping=mapping, **kwargs)
def getAdiag(self, tInd):
"""
System matrix at a given time index
.. math::
(\mathbf{I} + \mathbf{dt} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f})
"""
dt = self.timeSteps[tInd]
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MeSigmaI = self.MeSigmaI
MfMui = self.MfMui
I = Utils.speye(self.mesh.nF)
A = 1./dt * I + ( C * ( MeSigmaI * (C.T * MfMui ) ) )
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
return MfMui.T * A
return A
def getAdiagDeriv(self, tInd, u, v, adjoint=False):
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MeSigmaIDeriv = lambda x: self.MeSigmaIDeriv(x)
MfMui = self.MfMui
if adjoint:
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
v = MfMui * v
return MeSigmaIDeriv(C.T * ( MfMui * u )).T * ( C.T * v )
ADeriv = ( C * ( MeSigmaIDeriv(C.T * ( MfMui * u )) * v ) )
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
return MfMui.T * ADeriv
return ADeriv
def getAsubdiag(self, tInd):
dt = self.timeSteps[tInd]
MfMui = self.MfMui
Asubdiag = - 1./dt * sp.eye(self.mesh.nF)
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
return MfMui.T * Asubdiag
return Asubdiag
def getRHS(self, tInd):
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MeSigmaI = self.MeSigmaI
MfMui = self.MfMui
S_m, S_e = self.getSourceTerm(tInd)
# B_n = np.c_[[F[src,'bSolution',tInd] for src in self.survey.srcList]]
# if B_n.shape[0] is not 1:
# raise NotImplementedError('getRHS not implemented for this shape of B_n')
rhs = (C * (MeSigmaI * S_e) + S_m) # + 1./dt * B_n[:,:,0].T
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
return MfMui.T * rhs
return rhs
def getRHSDeriv(self, tInd, src, v, adjoint=False):
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MeSigmaI = self.MeSigmaI
MeSigmaIDeriv = lambda u: self.MeSigmaIDeriv(u)
MfMui = self.MfMui
_, S_e = src.eval(tInd, self)
S_mDeriv, S_eDeriv = src.evalDeriv(self.times[tInd], self, adjoint=adjoint) # I think this is tInd+1 ?
if adjoint:
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
v = self.MfMui * v
if isinstance(S_e, Utils.Zero):
MeSigmaIDerivT_v = Utils.Zero()
else:
MeSigmaIDerivT_v = MeSigmaIDeriv(S_e).T * v
RHSDeriv = MeSigmaIDerivT_v + S_eDeriv( MeSigmaI.T * ( C.T * v ) ) + S_mDeriv(v) #+ dbn_dm_v / dt #this will be given the transposed version
return RHSDeriv
if isinstance(S_e, Utils.Zero):
MeSigmaIDeriv_v = Utils.Zero()
else:
MeSigmaIDeriv_v = MeSigmaIDeriv(S_e) * v
RHSDeriv = (C * (MeSigmaIDeriv_v + MeSigmaI * S_eDeriv(v) + S_mDeriv(v))) #+ dbn_dm_v / dt
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
return self.MfMui.T * RHSDeriv
return RHSDeriv
@Utils.timeIt
def getJdiags(self, tInd, adjoint = False):
# The matrix that we are computing has the form:
#
# - - - - - -
# | Adiag | | uderiv1 | | b1 |
# | Asub Adiag | | uderiv2 | | b2 |
# | Asub Adiag | | uderiv3 | = | b3 |
# | ... ... | | ... | | .. |
# | Asub Adiag | | uderivn | | bn |
# - - - - - -
if adjoint:
raise NotImplementedError
dt = self.timeSteps[tInd]
Adiag = self.getA(tInd)
Asub = - 1./dt * Utils.speye(self.mesh.nF)
if self._makeASymmetric:
Asub = self.MfMui.T * Asub
return Adiag, Asub