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2018-06-22 11:56:47 -07:00

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<!--
Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<!doctype html>
<head>
<script src="../dist/template.v2.js"></script>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" >
<meta charset="utf8">
</head>
<body>
<distill-header></distill-header>
<d-front-matter>
<script id='distill-front-matter' type="text/json">{
"title": "Why Momentum Really Works",
"description": "Although \" extremely useful for visualizing high-dimensional data, t-SNE plots can sometimes be mysterious or misleading.",
"published": "Jan 10, 2017",
"authors": [
{
"author":"Chris Olah",
"authorURL":"https://colah.github.io/",
"affiliations": [{"name": "Google Brain", "url": "https://g.co/brain"}]
},
{
"author":"Ludwig Schubert",
"authorURL":"https://shancarter.com/",
"affiliations": [{"name": "Google Brain", "url": "https://g.co/brain"}]
},
{
"author":"Shan Carter",
"authorURL":"https://shancarter.com/",
"affiliations": [
{"name": "Google Brain", "url": "https://g.co/brain"},
{"name": "NYT", "url": "https://nytimes.com"}
]
}
],
"katex": {
"delimiters": [
{"left": "$$", "right": "$$", "display": false}
]
}
}</script>
</d-front-matter>
<d-title>
<figure style="grid-column: page; margin: 1rem 0;"><img src="momentum.png" style="width:100%; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);"/></figure>
<p>We often think of Momentum<d-cite key="mercier2011humans"></d-cite> as a means of dampening oscillations and speeding up the iterations, leading to faster convergence. But it has other interesting behavior. It allows a larger range of step-sizes to be used, and creates its own oscillations. What is going on?</p>
</d-title>
<d-byline></d-byline>
<d-article>
<a class="marker" href="#section-1" id="section-1"><span>1</span></a>
<h2>A Brief Survey of Techniques</h2>
<p>Before diving in: if you havent encountered t-SNE before, heres what you need to know about the math behind it. The goal is to take a set of points in a high-dimensional space and find a faithful representation of those points in a lower-dimensional space, typically the 2D plane. The algorithm is non-linear and adapts to the underlying data, performing different transformations on different regions. Those differences can be a major source of confusion.</p>
<p>This is the first paragraph of the article. Test a long&thinsp;&mdash;&thinsp;dash -- here it is.</p>
<p>Test for owner's possessive. Test for "quoting a passage." And another sentence. Or two. Some flopping fins; for diving.</p>
<aside>Some text in an aside, margin notes, etc...</aside>
<p>Here's a test of an inline equation <d-math>c = a^2 + b^2</d-math>. Also with configurable katex standards just using inline '$' signs: $$x^2$$ And then there's a block equation:</p>
<d-math block>
c = \pm \sqrt{ \sum_{i=0}^{n}{a^{222} + b^2}}
</d-math>
<p>Math can also be quite involved:</p>
<d-math block>
\frac{1}{\Bigl(\sqrt{\phi \sqrt{5}}-\phi\Bigr) e^{\frac25 \pi}} = 1+\frac{e^{-2\pi}} {1+\frac{e^{-4\pi}} {1+\frac{e^{-6\pi}} {1+\frac{e^{-8\pi}} {1+\cdots} } } }
</d-math>
<a class="marker" href="#section-1.1" id="section-1.1"><span>1.1</span></a>
<h3>Citations</h3>
<p><d-slider style="width: 200px;"></d-slider></p>
<p>We can<d-cite key="mercier2011humans"></d-cite> also cite <d-cite key="gregor2015draw,mercier2011humans"></d-cite> external publications. <d-cite key="dong2014image,dumoulin2016guide,mordvintsev2015inceptionism"></d-cite>. We should also be testing footnotes<d-footnote>This will become a hoverable footnote. This will become a hoverable footnote. This will become a hoverable footnote. This will become a hoverable footnote. This will become a hoverable footnote. This will become a hoverable footnote. This will become a hoverable footnote. This will become a hoverable footnote.</d-footnote>. There are multiple footnotes, and they appear in the appendix<d-footnote>Given I have coded them right. Also, here's math in a footnote: <d-math>c = \sum_0^i{x}</d-math>. Also, a citation. Box-ception<d-cite key='gregor2015draw'></d-cite>!</d-footnote> as well.</p>
<a class="marker" href="#section-2" id="section-2"><span>2</span></a>
<h2>Displaying code snippets</h2>
<p>Some inline javascript:<d-code language="javascript">var x = 25;</d-code>. And here's a javascript code block.</p>
<d-code block language="javascript">
var x = 25;
function(x){
return x * x;
}
</d-code>
<p>We also support python.</p>
<d-code block language="python">
# Python 3: Fibonacci series up to n
def fib(n):
a, b = 0, 1
while a < n:
print(a, end=' ')
a, b = b, a+b
</d-code>
<p>And a table</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>First</th><th>Second</th><th>Third</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>23</td><td>654</td><td>23</td></tr>
<tr><td>14</td><td>54</td><td>34</td></tr>
<tr><td>234</td><td>54</td><td>23</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<d-figure id="last-figure"></d-figure>
<script>
const figure = document.querySelector("d-figure#last-figure");
const initTag = document.createElement("span");
initTag.textContent = "initialized!"
figure.appendChild(initTag);
figure.addEventListener("ready", function() {
const initTag = figure.querySelector("span");
initTag.textContent = "ready"
console.log('ready')
});
figure.addEventListener("onscreen", function() {
const initTag = figure.querySelector("span");
initTag.textContent = "onscreen"
console.log('onscreen')
});
figure.addEventListener("offscreen", function() {
const initTag = figure.querySelector("span");
initTag.textContent = "offscreen!"
console.log('offscreen')
});
</script>
<p>That's it for the example article!</p>
</d-article>
<d-appendix>
<h3>Contributions</h3>
<p>Some text describing who did what.</p>
<h3>Reviewers</h3>
<p>Some text with links describing who reviewed the article.</p>
<d-bibliography src="bibliography.bib"></d-bibliography>
</d-appendix>
<distill-footer></distill-footer>
</body>