moralmaps: moral and value maps for LLMs

What do an LLM's values look like next to ours? moralmaps puts models through human psychological and anthropological surveys, then plots their answers alongside human societies. We can compare models, or see where steering takes one.

Are models moral aliens?

Start with the World Values Survey: its culture map compares societies by how traditional or secular they are, and how much they weigh survival over self-expression.

See https://wassname.github.io/moral-maps/ for an interactive plot.

The models cluster in the upper-left, around and above the Western societies. These are survey answers, not a test of how the models behave outside the survey.

See all model results and their uncertainty in one table.

Can we steer these values?

The plots below follow one open model, Qwen3-4B. We use steering-lite to add an activation vector built from authority-respecting versus authority-disregarding personas, without retraining. Red means more Authority, blue means less, and black is the base model.

These plots read answer probabilities. The closed-model WVS map above uses repeated ratings instead.

Value maps

Each map shows two survey axes, human societies as coloured regions, and the model's path under steering.

The Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-2) measures concerns such as care, equality, loyalty, and authority. Here, pushing toward Authority moves the model from individual-first toward group-first values, across much of the human map.

Personality changes too. The model stays more reserved than the plotted societies, but the vertical movement is visible. The individual traits below show which scores changed.

Humor style separates these societies poorly: their regions overlap heavily. A position on this map therefore tells us less about cultural similarity.

One factor at a time

The grey dots show human references, the black dot the base model, and the blue-to-red sweep the steer. Survey plots use country means; the moral vignettes use one pooled human reference.

Moral-foundation vignettes (MFV) ask which kind of wrong a short story describes, such as cruelty, cheating, or defiance of authority. Authority moves most here. We use a pooled human reference because the available country norms do not support a reliable country comparison (measurement note).

The intended value moves, but so do other answers. This is why we need to measure side effects as well as the target.

Measurement

The maps use human-comparable survey scores. For local models, we read answer-token probabilities; for APIs without logprobs, we use repeated ratings. Human positions on the World Values Survey map are approximated from GlobalOpinionQA, using the axis definitions.

For steering, we want to change the target concept in either direction without changing unrelated answers. We measure steering selectivity: intended logprob movement minus one tenth of unintended movement, comparing the two steering directions. This can detect small changes even when the chosen answer stays the same. See the results and measurement details, or the scoring function.

Install and use

uv pip install "moral-maps[maps] @ git+https://github.com/wassname/moral-maps"

Ask a local model the MFQ-2 survey and the classic moral vignettes:

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
from moralmaps import administer, evaluate, get_instrument, load_vignettes

tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-4B")
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen3-4B").cuda()

survey = administer(model, tok, get_instrument("mfq2"))
print(survey["profile"])
print(survey["mean_pmass_allowed"])

vignettes = evaluate(model, tok, vignettes=load_vignettes("classic"))
print(vignettes["profile"])

The bundled surveys are MFQ-2 (36 items), Big Five (50), 16PF (162), and Humor Styles (32). Each includes human reference data. Survey items use forward, inverted, and negated frames, mapped back to the same scale before averaging.

MFV has 132 vignettes in classic, scifi, and ai-actor versions, each from self and other perspectives. The rewritten versions inherit the classic human labels. WVS questions are loaded from GlobalOpinionQA at runtime.

Development and plot reproduction

git clone https://github.com/wassname/moral-maps
cd moral-maps
uv sync --extra maps --dev
just smoke

uv run python scripts/plot_steer_showcase.py \
  --run-dir ../steering-lite/outputs/20260630T222000Z_pure_authority_mundane15_pca_readme_mfv_mfq2_humor_big5_n8 \
  --out docs/img/showcase \
  --vec-label "Authority steer, PCA (+c = more Authority)" \
  --coherence-frac 0.99 \
  --contrast-frac 0.000001 \
  --margin-frac 0.50

Plotting requires the saved steering-lite run. It keeps only coefficients where every plotted dataset retains the requested fraction of base answer mass, survey contrast, and vignette answer margin. See the plotting script.

These maps compare survey responses. For behaviour-heavy moral evaluations, see Machiavelli and AIRiskDilemmas.

Citation

@misc{clark2026moralmaps,
  title = {moralmaps: moral and value maps for LLMs},
  author = {Michael Clark},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://github.com/wassname/moral-maps/}
}