Alok SinghandPhilipp Moritz f795173b51 Use flake8-comprehensions (#1976)
* Add flake8 to Travis

* Add flake8-comprehensions

[flake8 plugin](https://github.com/adamchainz/flake8-comprehensions) that
checks for useless constructions.

* Use generators instead of lists where appropriate

A lot of the builtins can take in generators instead of lists.

This commit applies `flake8-comprehensions` to find them.

* Fix lint error

* Fix some string formatting

The rest can be fixed in another PR

* Fix compound literals syntax

This should probably be merged after #1963.

* dict() -> {}

* Use dict literal syntax

dict(...) -> {...}

* Rewrite nested dicts

* Fix hanging indent

* Add missing import

* Add missing quote

* fmt

* Add missing whitespace

* rm duplicate pip install

This is already installed in another file.

* Fix indent

* move `merge_dicts` into utils

* Bring up to date with `master`

* Add automatic syntax upgrade

* rm pyupgrade

In case users want to still use it on their own, the upgrade-syn.sh script was
left in the `.travis` dir.
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Ray
===

.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/ray-project/ray.svg?branch=master
    :target: https://travis-ci.org/ray-project/ray

.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/ray/badge/?version=latest
    :target: http://ray.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest

|

Ray is a flexible, high-performance distributed execution framework.


Ray is easy to install: ``pip install ray``

Example Use
-----------

+------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| **Basic Python**                               | **Distributed with Ray**                           |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
|.. code-block:: python                          |.. code-block:: python                              |
|                                                |                                                    |
|  # Execute f serially.                         |  # Execute f in parallel.                          |
|                                                |                                                    |
|                                                |  @ray.remote                                       |
|  def f():                                      |  def f():                                          |
|      time.sleep(1)                             |      time.sleep(1)                                 |
|      return 1                                  |      return 1                                      |
|                                                |                                                    |
|                                                |                                                    |
|                                                |  ray.init()                                        |
|  results = [f() for i in range(4)]             |  results = ray.get([f.remote() for i in range(4)]) |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+


Ray comes with libraries that accelerate deep learning and reinforcement learning development:

- `Ray Tune`_: Hyperparameter Optimization Framework
- `Ray RLlib`_: Scalable Reinforcement Learning

.. _`Ray Tune`: http://ray.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tune.html
.. _`Ray RLlib`: http://ray.readthedocs.io/en/latest/rllib.html

Installation
------------

Ray can be installed on Linux and Mac with ``pip install ray``.

To build Ray from source or to install the nightly versions, see the `installation documentation`_.

.. _`installation documentation`: http://ray.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html

More Information
----------------

- `Documentation`_
- `Tutorial`_
- `Blog`_
- `Ray paper`_
- `Ray HotOS paper`_

.. _`Documentation`: http://ray.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
.. _`Tutorial`: https://github.com/ray-project/tutorial
.. _`Blog`: https://ray-project.github.io/
.. _`Ray paper`: https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.05889
.. _`Ray HotOS paper`: https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.03924

Getting Involved
----------------

- Ask questions on our mailing list `ray-dev@googlegroups.com`_.
- Please report bugs by submitting a `GitHub issue`_.
- Submit contributions using `pull requests`_.

.. _`ray-dev@googlegroups.com`: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ray-dev
.. _`GitHub issue`: https://github.com/ray-project/ray/issues
.. _`pull requests`: https://github.com/ray-project/ray/pulls
S
Description
An open source framework that provides a simple, universal API for building distributed applications. Ray is packaged with RLlib, a scalable reinforcement learning library, and Tune, a scalable hyperparameter tuning library.
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