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simpeg/SimPEG/EM/FDEM/ProblemFDEM.py
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Python

from SimPEG import Problem, Utils, np, sp, Solver as SimpegSolver
from scipy.constants import mu_0
from SurveyFDEM import Survey as SurveyFDEM
from FieldsFDEM import Fields, Fields3D_e, Fields3D_b, Fields3D_h, Fields3D_j
from SimPEG.EM.Base import BaseEMProblem
from SimPEG.EM.Utils import omega
class BaseFDEMProblem(BaseEMProblem):
"""
We start by looking at Maxwell's equations in the electric
field \\\(\\\mathbf{e}\\\) and the magnetic flux
density \\\(\\\mathbf{b}\\\)
.. math ::
\mathbf{C} \mathbf{e} + i \omega \mathbf{b} = \mathbf{s_m} \\\\
{\mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f} \mathbf{b} - \mathbf{M_{\sigma}^e} \mathbf{e} = \mathbf{s_e}}
if using the E-B formulation (:code:`Problem3D_e`
or :code:`Problem3D_b`). Note that in this case, :math:`\mathbf{s_e}` is an integrated quantity.
If we write Maxwell's equations in terms of
\\\(\\\mathbf{h}\\\) and current density \\\(\\\mathbf{j}\\\)
.. math ::
\mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\\rho}^f} \mathbf{j} + i \omega \mathbf{M_{\mu}^e} \mathbf{h} = \mathbf{s_m} \\\\
\mathbf{C} \mathbf{h} - \mathbf{j} = \mathbf{s_e}
if using the H-J formulation (:code:`Problem3D_j` or :code:`Problem3D_h`). Note that here, :math:`\mathbf{s_m}` is an integrated quantity.
The problem performs the elimination so that we are solving the system for \\\(\\\mathbf{e},\\\mathbf{b},\\\mathbf{j} \\\) or \\\(\\\mathbf{h}\\\)
"""
surveyPair = SurveyFDEM
fieldsPair = Fields
def fields(self, m):
"""
Solve the forward problem for the fields.
:param numpy.array m: inversion model (nP,)
:rtype numpy.array:
:return f: forward solution
"""
self.curModel = m
f = self.fieldsPair(self.mesh, self.survey)
for freq in self.survey.freqs:
A = self.getA(freq)
rhs = self.getRHS(freq)
Ainv = self.Solver(A, **self.solverOpts)
u = Ainv * rhs
Srcs = self.survey.getSrcByFreq(freq)
f[Srcs, self._solutionType] = u
Ainv.clean()
return f
def Jvec(self, m, v, f=None):
"""
Sensitivity times a vector.
:param numpy.array m: inversion model (nP,)
:param numpy.array v: vector which we take sensitivity product with (nP,)
:param SimPEG.EM.FDEM.Fields u: fields object
:rtype numpy.array:
:return: Jv (ndata,)
"""
if f is None:
f = self.fields(m)
self.curModel = m
# Jv = self.dataPair(self.survey)
Jv = []
for freq in self.survey.freqs:
A = self.getA(freq)
Ainv = self.Solver(A, **self.solverOpts) # create the concept of Ainv (actually a solve)
for src in self.survey.getSrcByFreq(freq):
u_src = f[src, self._solutionType]
dA_dm_v = self.getADeriv(freq, u_src, v)
dRHS_dm_v = self.getRHSDeriv(freq, src, v)
du_dm_v = Ainv * ( - dA_dm_v + dRHS_dm_v )
for rx in src.rxList:
df_dmFun = getattr(f, '_{0}Deriv'.format(rx.projField), None)
df_dm_v = df_dmFun(src, du_dm_v, v, adjoint=False)
Jv.append(rx.evalDeriv(src, self.mesh, f, df_dm_v))
Ainv.clean()
return np.hstack(Jv)
def Jtvec(self, m, v, f=None):
"""
Sensitivity transpose times a vector
:param numpy.array m: inversion model (nP,)
:param numpy.array v: vector which we take adjoint product with (nP,)
:param SimPEG.EM.FDEM.Fields u: fields object
:rtype numpy.array:
:return: Jv (ndata,)
"""
if f is None:
f = self.fields(m)
self.curModel = m
# Ensure v is a data object.
if not isinstance(v, self.dataPair):
v = self.dataPair(self.survey, v)
Jtv = np.zeros(m.size)
for freq in self.survey.freqs:
AT = self.getA(freq).T
ATinv = self.Solver(AT, **self.solverOpts)
for src in self.survey.getSrcByFreq(freq):
u_src = f[src, self._solutionType]
for rx in src.rxList:
PTv = rx.evalDeriv(src, self.mesh, f, v[src, rx], adjoint=True) # wrt f, need possibility wrt m
df_duTFun = getattr(f, '_{0}Deriv'.format(rx.projField), None)
df_duT, df_dmT = df_duTFun(src, None, PTv, adjoint=True)
ATinvdf_duT = ATinv * df_duT
dA_dmT = self.getADeriv(freq, u_src, ATinvdf_duT, adjoint=True)
dRHS_dmT = self.getRHSDeriv(freq, src, ATinvdf_duT, adjoint=True)
du_dmT = -dA_dmT + dRHS_dmT
df_dmT = df_dmT + du_dmT
# TODO: this should be taken care of by the reciever?
if rx.component is 'real':
Jtv += np.array(df_dmT, dtype=complex).real
elif rx.component is 'imag':
Jtv += - np.array(df_dmT, dtype=complex).real
else:
raise Exception('Must be real or imag')
ATinv.clean()
return Utils.mkvc(Jtv)
def getSourceTerm(self, freq):
"""
Evaluates the sources for a given frequency and puts them in matrix form
:param float freq: Frequency
:rtype: (numpy.ndarray, numpy.ndarray)
:return: s_m, s_e (nE or nF, nSrc)
"""
Srcs = self.survey.getSrcByFreq(freq)
if self._formulation is 'EB':
s_m = np.zeros((self.mesh.nF,len(Srcs)), dtype=complex)
s_e = np.zeros((self.mesh.nE,len(Srcs)), dtype=complex)
elif self._formulation is 'HJ':
s_m = np.zeros((self.mesh.nE,len(Srcs)), dtype=complex)
s_e = np.zeros((self.mesh.nF,len(Srcs)), dtype=complex)
for i, src in enumerate(Srcs):
smi, sei = src.eval(self)
s_m[:,i] = s_m[:,i] + smi
s_e[:,i] = s_e[:,i] + sei
return s_m, s_e
##########################################################################################
################################ E-B Formulation #########################################
##########################################################################################
class Problem3D_e(BaseFDEMProblem):
"""
By eliminating the magnetic flux density using
.. math ::
\mathbf{b} = \\frac{1}{i \omega}\\left(-\mathbf{C} \mathbf{e} + \mathbf{s_m}\\right)
we can write Maxwell's equations as a second order system in \\\(\\\mathbf{e}\\\) only:
.. math ::
\\left(\mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f} \mathbf{C}+ i \omega \mathbf{M^e_{\sigma}} \\right)\mathbf{e} = \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f}\mathbf{s_m} -i\omega\mathbf{M^e}\mathbf{s_e}
which we solve for :math:`\mathbf{e}`.
:param SimPEG.Mesh mesh: mesh
"""
_solutionType = 'eSolution'
_formulation = 'EB'
fieldsPair = Fields3D_e
def __init__(self, mesh, **kwargs):
BaseFDEMProblem.__init__(self, mesh, **kwargs)
def getA(self, freq):
"""
System matrix
.. math ::
\mathbf{A} = \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f} \mathbf{C} + i \omega \mathbf{M^e_{\sigma}}
:param float freq: Frequency
:rtype: scipy.sparse.csr_matrix
:return: A
"""
MfMui = self.MfMui
MeSigma = self.MeSigma
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
return C.T*MfMui*C + 1j*omega(freq)*MeSigma
def getADeriv(self, freq, u, v, adjoint=False):
"""
Product of the derivative of our system matrix with respect to the model and a vector
.. math ::
\\frac{\mathbf{A}(\mathbf{m}) \mathbf{v}}{d \mathbf{m}} = i \omega \\frac{d \mathbf{M^e_{\sigma}}\mathbf{v} }{d\mathbf{m}}
:param float freq: frequency
:param numpy.ndarray u: solution vector (nE,)
:param numpy.ndarray v: vector to take prodct with (nP,) or (nD,) for adjoint
:param bool adjoint: adjoint?
:rtype: numpy.ndarray
:return: derivative of the system matrix times a vector (nP,) or adjoint (nD,)
"""
dsig_dm = self.curModel.sigmaDeriv
dMe_dsig = self.MeSigmaDeriv(u)
if adjoint:
return 1j * omega(freq) * ( dMe_dsig.T * v )
return 1j * omega(freq) * ( dMe_dsig * v )
def getRHS(self, freq):
"""
Right hand side for the system
.. math ::
\mathbf{RHS} = \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f}\mathbf{s_m} -i\omega\mathbf{M_e}\mathbf{s_e}
:param float freq: Frequency
:rtype: numpy.ndarray
:return: RHS (nE, nSrc)
"""
s_m, s_e = self.getSourceTerm(freq)
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MfMui = self.MfMui
return C.T * (MfMui * s_m) -1j * omega(freq) * s_e
def getRHSDeriv(self, freq, src, v, adjoint=False):
"""
Derivative of the right hand side with respect to the model
:param float freq: frequency
:param SimPEG.EM.FDEM.Src src: FDEM source
:param numpy.ndarray v: vector to take product with
:param bool adjoint: adjoint?
:rtype: numpy.ndarray
:return: product of rhs deriv with a vector
"""
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MfMui = self.MfMui
s_mDeriv, s_eDeriv = src.evalDeriv(self, adjoint=adjoint)
if adjoint:
dRHS = MfMui * (C * v)
return s_mDeriv(dRHS) - 1j * omega(freq) * s_eDeriv(v)
else:
return C.T * (MfMui * s_mDeriv(v)) -1j * omega(freq) * s_eDeriv(v)
class Problem3D_b(BaseFDEMProblem):
"""
We eliminate :math:`\mathbf{e}` using
.. math ::
\mathbf{e} = \mathbf{M^e_{\sigma}}^{-1} \\left(\mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f} \mathbf{b} - \mathbf{s_e}\\right)
and solve for :math:`\mathbf{b}` using:
.. math ::
\\left(\mathbf{C} \mathbf{M^e_{\sigma}}^{-1} \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f} + i \omega \\right)\mathbf{b} = \mathbf{s_m} + \mathbf{M^e_{\sigma}}^{-1}\mathbf{M^e}\mathbf{s_e}
.. note ::
The inverse problem will not work with full anisotropy
:param SimPEG.Mesh mesh: mesh
"""
_solutionType = 'bSolution'
_formulation = 'EB'
fieldsPair = Fields3D_b
def __init__(self, mesh, **kwargs):
BaseFDEMProblem.__init__(self, mesh, **kwargs)
def getA(self, freq):
"""
System matrix
.. math ::
\mathbf{A} = \mathbf{C} \mathbf{M^e_{\sigma}}^{-1} \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\mu^{-1}}^f} + i \omega
:param float freq: Frequency
:rtype: scipy.sparse.csr_matrix
:return: A
"""
MfMui = self.MfMui
MeSigmaI = self.MeSigmaI
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
iomega = 1j * omega(freq) * sp.eye(self.mesh.nF)
A = C * (MeSigmaI * (C.T * MfMui)) + iomega
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
return MfMui.T*A
return A
def getADeriv(self, freq, u, v, adjoint=False):
"""
Product of the derivative of our system matrix with respect to the model and a vector
.. math ::
\\frac{\mathbf{A}(\mathbf{m}) \mathbf{v}}{d \mathbf{m}} = \mathbf{C} \\frac{\mathbf{M^e_{\sigma}} \mathbf{v}}{d\mathbf{m}}
:param float freq: frequency
:param numpy.ndarray u: solution vector (nF,)
:param numpy.ndarray v: vector to take prodct with (nP,) or (nD,) for adjoint
:param bool adjoint: adjoint?
:rtype: numpy.ndarray
:return: derivative of the system matrix times a vector (nP,) or adjoint (nD,)
"""
MfMui = self.MfMui
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MeSigmaIDeriv = self.MeSigmaIDeriv
vec = C.T * (MfMui * u)
MeSigmaIDeriv = MeSigmaIDeriv(vec)
if adjoint:
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
v = MfMui * v
return MeSigmaIDeriv.T * (C.T * v)
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
return MfMui.T * ( C * ( MeSigmaIDeriv * v ) )
return C * ( MeSigmaIDeriv * v )
def getRHS(self, freq):
"""
Right hand side for the system
.. math ::
\mathbf{RHS} = \mathbf{s_m} + \mathbf{M^e_{\sigma}}^{-1}\mathbf{s_e}
:param float freq: Frequency
:rtype: numpy.ndarray
:return: RHS (nE, nSrc)
"""
s_m, s_e = self.getSourceTerm(freq)
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MeSigmaI = self.MeSigmaI
RHS = s_m + C * ( MeSigmaI * s_e )
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
MfMui = self.MfMui
return MfMui.T * RHS
return RHS
def getRHSDeriv(self, freq, src, v, adjoint=False):
"""
Derivative of the right hand side with respect to the model
:param float freq: frequency
:param SimPEG.EM.FDEM.Src src: FDEM source
:param numpy.ndarray v: vector to take product with
:param bool adjoint: adjoint?
:rtype: numpy.ndarray
:return: product of rhs deriv with a vector
"""
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
s_m, s_e = src.eval(self)
MfMui = self.MfMui
if self._makeASymmetric and adjoint:
v = self.MfMui * v
MeSigmaIDeriv = self.MeSigmaIDeriv(s_e)
s_mDeriv, s_eDeriv = src.evalDeriv(self, adjoint=adjoint)
if not adjoint:
RHSderiv = C * (MeSigmaIDeriv * v)
SrcDeriv = s_mDeriv(v) + C * (self.MeSigmaI * s_eDeriv(v))
elif adjoint:
RHSderiv = MeSigmaIDeriv.T * (C.T * v)
SrcDeriv = s_mDeriv(v) + self.MeSigmaI.T * (C.T * s_eDeriv(v))
if self._makeASymmetric is True and not adjoint:
return MfMui.T * (SrcDeriv + RHSderiv)
return RHSderiv + SrcDeriv
##########################################################################################
################################ H-J Formulation #########################################
##########################################################################################
class Problem3D_j(BaseFDEMProblem):
"""
We eliminate \\\(\\\mathbf{h}\\\) using
.. math ::
\mathbf{h} = \\frac{1}{i \omega} \mathbf{M_{\mu}^e}^{-1} \\left(-\mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\\rho}^f} \mathbf{j} + \mathbf{M^e} \mathbf{s_m} \\right)
and solve for \\\(\\\mathbf{j}\\\) using
.. math ::
\\left(\mathbf{C} \mathbf{M_{\mu}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\\rho}^f} + i \omega\\right)\mathbf{j} = \mathbf{C} \mathbf{M_{\mu}^e}^{-1} \mathbf{M^e} \mathbf{s_m} -i\omega\mathbf{s_e}
.. note::
This implementation does not yet work with full anisotropy!!
:param SimPEG.Mesh mesh: mesh
"""
_solutionType = 'jSolution'
_formulation = 'HJ'
fieldsPair = Fields3D_j
def __init__(self, mesh, **kwargs):
BaseFDEMProblem.__init__(self, mesh, **kwargs)
def getA(self, freq):
"""
System matrix
.. math ::
\\mathbf{A} = \\mathbf{C} \\mathbf{M^e_{\\mu^{-1}}} \\mathbf{C}^{\\top} \\mathbf{M^f_{\\sigma^{-1}}} + i\\omega
:param float freq: Frequency
:rtype: scipy.sparse.csr_matrix
:return: A
"""
MeMuI = self.MeMuI
MfRho = self.MfRho
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
iomega = 1j * omega(freq) * sp.eye(self.mesh.nF)
A = C * MeMuI * C.T * MfRho + iomega
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
return MfRho.T*A
return A
def getADeriv(self, freq, u, v, adjoint=False):
"""
Product of the derivative of our system matrix with respect to the model and a vector
In this case, we assume that electrical conductivity, :math:`\sigma` is the physical property of interest (i.e. :math:`\sigma` = model.transform). Then we want
.. math ::
\\frac{\mathbf{A(\sigma)} \mathbf{v}}{d \mathbf{m}} = \mathbf{C} \mathbf{M^e_{mu^{-1}}} \mathbf{C^{\\top}} \\frac{d \mathbf{M^f_{\sigma^{-1}}}\mathbf{v} }{d \mathbf{m}}
:param float freq: frequency
:param numpy.ndarray u: solution vector (nF,)
:param numpy.ndarray v: vector to take prodct with (nP,) or (nD,) for adjoint
:param bool adjoint: adjoint?
:rtype: numpy.ndarray
:return: derivative of the system matrix times a vector (nP,) or adjoint (nD,)
"""
MeMuI = self.MeMuI
MfRho = self.MfRho
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MfRhoDeriv = self.MfRhoDeriv(u)
if adjoint:
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
v = MfRho * v
return MfRhoDeriv.T * (C * (MeMuI.T * (C.T * v)))
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
return MfRho.T * (C * ( MeMuI * (C.T * (MfRhoDeriv * v) )))
return C * (MeMuI * (C.T * (MfRhoDeriv * v)))
def getRHS(self, freq):
"""
Right hand side for the system
.. math ::
\mathbf{RHS} = \mathbf{C} \mathbf{M_{\mu}^e}^{-1}\mathbf{s_m} -i\omega \mathbf{s_e}
:param float freq: Frequency
:rtype: numpy.ndarray (nE, nSrc)
:return: RHS
"""
s_m, s_e = self.getSourceTerm(freq)
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MeMuI = self.MeMuI
RHS = C * (MeMuI * s_m) - 1j * omega(freq) * s_e
if self._makeASymmetric is True:
MfRho = self.MfRho
return MfRho.T*RHS
return RHS
def getRHSDeriv(self, freq, src, v, adjoint=False):
"""
Derivative of the right hand side with respect to the model
:param float freq: frequency
:param SimPEG.EM.FDEM.Src src: FDEM source
:param numpy.ndarray v: vector to take product with
:param bool adjoint: adjoint?
:rtype: numpy.ndarray
:return: product of rhs deriv with a vector
"""
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MeMuI = self.MeMuI
s_mDeriv, s_eDeriv = src.evalDeriv(self, adjoint=adjoint)
if adjoint:
if self._makeASymmetric:
MfRho = self.MfRho
v = MfRho*v
return s_mDeriv(MeMuI.T * (C.T * v)) - 1j * omega(freq) * s_eDeriv(v)
else:
RHSDeriv = C * (MeMuI * s_mDeriv(v)) - 1j * omega(freq) * s_eDeriv(v)
if self._makeASymmetric:
MfRho = self.MfRho
return MfRho.T * RHSDeriv
return RHSDeriv
class Problem3D_h(BaseFDEMProblem):
"""
We eliminate \\\(\\\mathbf{j}\\\) using
.. math ::
\mathbf{j} = \mathbf{C} \mathbf{h} - \mathbf{s_e}
and solve for \\\(\\\mathbf{h}\\\) using
.. math ::
\\left(\mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\\rho}^f} \mathbf{C} + i \omega \mathbf{M_{\mu}^e}\\right) \mathbf{h} = \mathbf{M^e} \mathbf{s_m} + \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\\rho}^f} \mathbf{s_e}
:param SimPEG.Mesh mesh: mesh
"""
_solutionType = 'hSolution'
_formulation = 'HJ'
fieldsPair = Fields3D_h
def __init__(self, mesh, **kwargs):
BaseFDEMProblem.__init__(self, mesh, **kwargs)
def getA(self, freq):
"""
System matrix
.. math::
\mathbf{A} = \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\\rho}^f} \mathbf{C} + i \omega \mathbf{M_{\mu}^e}
:param float freq: Frequency
:rtype: scipy.sparse.csr_matrix
:return: A
"""
MeMu = self.MeMu
MfRho = self.MfRho
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
return C.T * (MfRho * C) + 1j*omega(freq)*MeMu
def getADeriv(self, freq, u, v, adjoint=False):
"""
Product of the derivative of our system matrix with respect to the model and a vector
.. math::
\\frac{\mathbf{A}(\mathbf{m}) \mathbf{v}}{d \mathbf{m}} = \mathbf{C}^{\\top}\\frac{d \mathbf{M^f_{\\rho}}\mathbf{v} }{d\mathbf{m}}
:param float freq: frequency
:param numpy.ndarray u: solution vector (nE,)
:param numpy.ndarray v: vector to take prodct with (nP,) or (nD,) for adjoint
:param bool adjoint: adjoint?
:rtype: numpy.ndarray
:return: derivative of the system matrix times a vector (nP,) or adjoint (nD,)
"""
MeMu = self.MeMu
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MfRhoDeriv = self.MfRhoDeriv(C*u)
if adjoint:
return MfRhoDeriv.T * (C * v)
return C.T * (MfRhoDeriv * v)
def getRHS(self, freq):
"""
Right hand side for the system
.. math ::
\mathbf{RHS} = \mathbf{M^e} \mathbf{s_m} + \mathbf{C}^{\\top} \mathbf{M_{\\rho}^f} \mathbf{s_e}
:param float freq: Frequency
:rtype: numpy.ndarray
:return: RHS (nE, nSrc)
"""
s_m, s_e = self.getSourceTerm(freq)
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MfRho = self.MfRho
return s_m + C.T * ( MfRho * s_e )
def getRHSDeriv(self, freq, src, v, adjoint=False):
"""
Derivative of the right hand side with respect to the model
:param float freq: frequency
:param SimPEG.EM.FDEM.Src src: FDEM source
:param numpy.ndarray v: vector to take product with
:param bool adjoint: adjoint?
:rtype: numpy.ndarray
:return: product of rhs deriv with a vector
"""
_, s_e = src.eval(self)
C = self.mesh.edgeCurl
MfRho = self.MfRho
MfRhoDeriv = self.MfRhoDeriv(s_e)
if not adjoint:
RHSDeriv = C.T * (MfRhoDeriv * v)
elif adjoint:
RHSDeriv = MfRhoDeriv.T * (C * v)
s_mDeriv, s_eDeriv = src.evalDeriv(self, adjoint=adjoint)
return RHSDeriv + s_mDeriv(v) + C.T * (MfRho * s_eDeriv(v))